Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
4530 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-92176 (GCVE-0-2026-92176)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 18:05 – Updated: 2026-09-16 03:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
pdfforge PDF Architect App Object Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
pdfforge PDF Architect App Object Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of pdfforge PDF Architect. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the handling of App objects. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-28570.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
zdi
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-… | x_research-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| pdfforge | PDF Architect |
Affected:
9.1.77.23081
|
Date Public
2026-08-31 18:24
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CVE-2026-91959 (GCVE-0-2026-91959)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 15:18 – Updated: 2026-09-20 00:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeRDP before 3.31.0 Buffer Over-read via RTS Gateway
Summary
FreeRDP before 3.31.0 contains a buffer over-read vulnerability in the rts_read_result function within the RPC gateway transport parser. Attackers can send a malicious BIND_ACK PDU with a truncated result entry to trigger an out-of-bounds read causing process abort.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-20 00:29 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/freerdp-befo… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-01 00:00
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CVE-2026-91958 (GCVE-0-2026-91958)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 15:18 – Updated: 2026-09-15 15:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeRDP 3.11.0 through 3.30.0 Heap Buffer Overflow via Monitor Index
Summary
FreeRDP versions before 3.31.0 fail to validate MonitorIds array values when parsing RDP connection files, allowing unbounded array indexing in xf_detect_monitors. Attackers can craft a malicious RDP file with an out-of-range selectedmonitors value to trigger out-of-bounds heap read and write operations when opened in xfreerdp.
Severity
6.6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 15:59 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/freerdp-3.11… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-31 00:00
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CVE-2026-91956 (GCVE-0-2026-91956)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 15:18 – Updated: 2026-09-18 17:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeRDP before 3.31.0 Out-of-Bounds Read via URBDRC
Summary
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Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-18 17:15 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/freerdp-befo… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-01 00:00
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CVE-2026-91950 (GCVE-0-2026-91950)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 15:18 – Updated: 2026-09-15 15:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeRDP before 3.31.0 Out-of-Bounds Read via UINT32 Wraparound
Summary
FreeRDP before 3.31.0 contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the rdpdr_dump_packet function due to 32-bit unsigned integer wraparound in buffer bounds validation. A malicious RDP server can send a crafted RDPDR packet with computerNameLen set to 0xFFFFFFF0 to bypass bounds checks and trigger memory reads past the packet buffer, causing client crashes or heap disclosure in logs.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 15:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/freerdp-befo… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-01 00:00
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CVE-2026-91945 (GCVE-0-2026-91945)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 15:18 – Updated: 2026-09-15 15:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeRDP before 3.31.0 Out-of-bounds Read via Smartcard ATR
Summary
FreeRDP versions before 3.31.0 contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in smartcard response decoders that fail to validate ATR length fields against fixed inline arrays. Authenticated RDP clients can send oversized ATR lengths in PAKID_CORE_DEVICE_IOCOMPLETION responses to trigger reads past stack or heap objects, causing process termination.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 15:51 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advis… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/commit/9626564… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/freerdp-befo… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-31 00:00
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CVE-2026-91817 (GCVE-0-2026-91817)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 07:49 – Updated: 2026-09-23 14:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader AcroForm Out-of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
A heap-based out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in Foxit PDF Editor/Reader’s handling of wide strings in embedded PDF JavaScript. Insufficient validation of string-deletion ranges can cause an integer underflow, resulting in an out-of-bounds read and application crash.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 14:22 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125)
Assigner
Foxit
CNA
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foxit Software Inc. | Foxit PDF Editor |
Affected:
Versions 2026.2 and earlier
Affected: Versions 14.0.7 and earlier Affected: Versions 13.2.6 and earlier |
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| Foxit Software Inc. | Foxit PDF Reader |
Affected:
Versions 2026.2 and earlier
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CVE-2026-91810 (GCVE-0-2026-91810)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 07:50 – Updated: 2026-09-23 14:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader Doc Object Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
A heap-based out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in Foxit PDF Editor/Reader’s handling of malformed PDF image masks. Inconsistent image metadata may cause incorrect alpha-channel processing during rendering, resulting in an out-of-bounds read and application crash.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 14:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125)
Assigner
Foxit
CNA
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foxit Software Inc. | Foxit PDF Editor |
Affected:
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Affected: Versions 14.0.7 and earlier Affected: Versions 13.2.6 and earlier |
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Affected:
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CVE-2026-91808 (GCVE-0-2026-91808)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 07:50 – Updated: 2026-09-23 15:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader JPEG File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
A heap-based out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in Foxit PDF Editor Reader’s handling of PDF image objects with inconsistent compression metadata. Insufficient validation during image decoding may result in an undersized buffer and an out-of-bounds read during rendering, causing an application crash.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 15:25 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125)
Assigner
Foxit
CNA
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foxit Software Inc. | Foxit PDF Editor |
Affected:
Versions 2026.2 and earlier
Affected: Versions 14.0.7 and earlier Affected: Versions 13.2.6 and earlier |
|
| Foxit Software Inc. | Foxit PDF Reader |
Affected:
Versions 2026.2 and earlier
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CVE-2026-91807 (GCVE-0-2026-91807)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 07:50 – Updated: 2026-09-23 14:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader PDF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
A heap-based out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in Foxit PDF Editor/Reader’s handling of malformed image soft-mask data. Insufficient validation of the soft-mask data attribute during image parsing may cause an arithmetic underflow, resulting in an out-of-bounds read and application crash.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 14:41 UTC
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read (CWE-125)
Assigner
Foxit
CNA
References
1 reference
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foxit Software Inc. | Foxit PDF Editor |
Affected:
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Affected: Versions 14.0.7 and earlier |
|
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Affected:
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Affected:
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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.