Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-125

Allowed

Out-of-bounds Read

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

4654 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-8006 (GCVE-0-2025-8006)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-17 20:53 – Updated: 2025-09-18 14:04
VLAI
Title
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt XE File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt XE File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of XE files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26238.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-18 13:54 UTC
CWE
Assigner
zdi CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Affected: 12 SP1
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-07-30 15:21
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-8004 (GCVE-0-2025-8004)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-17 20:53 – Updated: 2025-09-18 14:04
VLAI
Title
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt XE File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt XE File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of XE files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26236.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-18 13:54 UTC
CWE
Assigner
zdi CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Affected: 12 SP1
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-07-30 15:21
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-8003 (GCVE-0-2025-8003)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-17 20:53 – Updated: 2025-09-18 14:40
VLAI
Title
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt CO File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt CO File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of CO files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26235.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-18 14:27 UTC
CWE
Assigner
zdi CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Affected: 12 SP1
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-07-30 15:20
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-7997 (GCVE-0-2025-7997)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-17 20:53 – Updated: 2025-09-18 14:40
VLAI
Title
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt XE File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt XE File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of XE files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read before the start of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-26045.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-18 14:27 UTC
CWE
Assigner
zdi CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Affected: 12 SP1
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-07-30 15:20
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-7994 (GCVE-0-2025-7994)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-17 20:52 – Updated: 2025-09-18 14:04
VLAI
Title
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt AR File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt AR File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of AR files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25976.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-18 13:54 UTC
CWE
Assigner
zdi CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Affected: 12 SP1
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-07-30 15:20
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-7992 (GCVE-0-2025-7992)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-17 20:52 – Updated: 2025-09-18 13:42
VLAI
Title
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt AR File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt AR File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of AR files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25972.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-18 13:41 UTC
CWE
Assigner
zdi CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Affected: 12 SP1
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-07-22 18:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-7991 (GCVE-0-2025-7991)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-17 20:52 – Updated: 2025-09-18 13:41
VLAI
Title
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt VC6 File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt VC6 File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of VC6 files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25945.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-18 13:40 UTC
CWE
Assigner
zdi CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Affected: 12 SP1
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-07-22 18:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-7989 (GCVE-0-2025-7989)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-17 20:52 – Updated: 2025-09-18 18:05
VLAI
Title
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt AR File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt AR File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of AR files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25943.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-18 18:02 UTC
CWE
Assigner
zdi CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Affected: 12 SP1
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-07-22 18:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-7977 (GCVE-0-2025-7977)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-17 20:51 – Updated: 2025-09-18 14:48
VLAI
Title
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt LI File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt LI File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of LI files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read before the start of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25354.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-18 14:48 UTC
CWE
Assigner
zdi CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Affected: 1204.91
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-07-22 17:59
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-7698 (GCVE-0-2025-7698)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-29 00:47 – Updated: 2026-03-15 23:37
VLAI
Summary
Out-of-bounds read vulnerabilities in print processing of Generic Plus PCL6 Printer Driver / Generic Plus UFR II Printer Driver / Generic Plus LIPS4 Printer Driver / Generic Plus LIPSLX Printer Driver / Generic Plus PS Printer Driver / UFRII LT Printer Driver / CARPS2 Printer Driver / Generic FAX Driver / LIPS4 Printer Driver / LIPSLX Printer Driver / UFR II Printer Driver / PS Printer Driver / PCL6 Printer Driver
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:L
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-29 11:50 UTC
CWE
Assigner
Canon CNA
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.

CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers

An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.

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