Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-88

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs a string for a command to be executed by a separate component in another control sphere, but it does not properly delimit the intended arguments, options, or switches within that command string.

335 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-93337 (GCVE-0-2026-93337)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-17 19:17 – Updated: 2026-09-23 18:07 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
NetworkManager-l2tp Privilege Escalation via pppd Plugin Injection
Summary
NetworkManager-l2tp through 1.52.4, fixed in 1.52.6, contains an improper input validation vulnerability that allows local users with VPN connection creation permissions to inject arbitrary pppd directives by supplying mru or mtu property values containing trailing non-numeric content after a valid integer. Attackers can exploit the verbatim write of unvalidated strings into the pppd options file via write_config_option() to inject the plugin directive, causing the privileged pppd process to load an attacker-controlled shared object and achieve arbitrary code execution as root.
Severity
8.5 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-21 16:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nm-l2tp NetworkManager-l2tp Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.52.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.52.6 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-14 00:00
Credits
Andres Berbescu (4drez)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-92892 (GCVE-0-2026-92892)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 17:47 – Updated: 2026-10-22 16:06
VLAI
Title
Potential command execution on the host running JFrog CLI.
Summary
Potential arbitrary code execution under specific configurations. Updated October 22, 2026: Affected versions now include JFrog CLI v2.127.0. For remediation, update to v2.128.0 or later.
Severity
9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 15:13 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
JFROG CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jfrog jfrog-cli Affected: 0 , < 2.128.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
nadavgb (reported via HackerOne)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-91909 (GCVE-0-2026-91909)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-02 12:19 – Updated: 2026-11-03 22:23
VLAI
Summary
Dell OpenManage Enterprise, versions prior to 4.8.0, contains an Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection') vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with adjacent network access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Command execution.
Severity
4.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-03 04:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
dell CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dell OpenManage Enterprise Affected: 0 , < 4.8.0 or later (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-19 06:30
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-91784 (GCVE-0-2026-91784)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-02 08:38 – Updated: 2026-10-02 17:42 X_Open Source Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Title
Argument Injection leading to arbitrary process termination in gotop
Summary
cjbassi/gotop is vulnerable to local argument injection via process termination functionality. The process name is passed directly to pkill without sanitization. A local attacker can create a process with a crafted name beginning with -- (e.g. containing a target user's UID). When the user running gotop invokes the kill feature on that process, pkill interprets the crafted name as a command-line option, terminating all processes owned by the targeted user. Product is no longer actively supported and the vulnerabilities have not been fixed. Vulnerability was confirmed at version 3.0.0; other versions were not tested but may also be affected.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-02 17:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-88 - Improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command ('argument injection')
Assigner
CERT-PL CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
cjbassi gotop Affected: 3.0.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-02 00:00
Credits
Michał Majchrowicz (AFINE Team) Marcin Wyczechowski (AFINE Team)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-90894 (GCVE-0-2026-90894)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 09:52 – Updated: 2026-09-15 08:49
VLAI
Title
Parallels Desktop local privilege escalation via appliance extract argument injection
Summary
Parallels Desktop runs prl_disp_service as root. Local clients reach it on the world-writable socket /var/run/prl_disp_service.socket. PrlSrv_LoginLocal accepts peer credentials. No Parallels signature. No admin group. After login, PrlSrv_InstallAppliance lets you pick the appliance folder (sVmParentPath). The daemon unpacks with one string, tar -xf "%1" -C "%2", then Qt QProcess::splitCommand chops that string into words. A quote in the folder name closes early. The leftover text becomes extra tar flags. macOS tar --use-compress-program= runs the named program as root.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 10:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  • CWE-269 - Improper Privilege Management
Assigner
JFROG CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Parallels Parallels Desktop for Mac Affected: 26.4.0
Unaffected: 27.0.0
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Yuval Moravchick | JFrog
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-90868 (GCVE-0-2026-90868)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 15:53 – Updated: 2026-10-30 17:18
VLAI
Title
OS Command Injection in Progress WS_FTP Server
Summary
An OS command injection vulnerability in Progress Software WS_FTP Server versions prior to 2024.0.7 and 2025.0.4 on Windows could allow arbitrary command execution under certain configurations.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 03:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Progress Software WS_FTP Server Affected: 0 , < 2024.0.7 (custom)
Affected: 0 , < 2025.0.4 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Yash Kumar Kumawat (ykk0x)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-90865 (GCVE-0-2026-90865)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 15:51 – Updated: 2026-10-30 17:18
VLAI
Title
Command Injection via FTP Notification Variables in Progress WS_FTP Server
Summary
An OS command injection vulnerability in Progress Software WS_FTP Server versions prior to 2024.0.7 and 2025.0.4 on Windows could allow arbitrary command execution with elevated privileges under certain configurations.
Severity
9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 03:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Progress Software WS_FTP Server Affected: 0 , < 2024.0.7 (custom)
Affected: 0 , < 2025.0.4 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Mieczkowski Mateusz (rexnets)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-90809 (GCVE-0-2026-90809)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 18:15 – Updated: 2026-09-15 13:56 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
HKUDS nanobot ExecTool shell.py ExecTool._spawn argument injection
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in HKUDS nanobot up to 0.2.1. The affected element is the function ExecTool._guard_command/ExecTool._spawn of the file nanobot/agent/tools/shell.py of the component ExecTool. Such manipulation leads to argument injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The name of the patch is af582246f141311d574551b7571a517bcc3df750. It is best practice to apply a patch to resolve this issue.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:O/RC:C
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 13:32 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HKUDS nanobot Affected: 0.2.0
Affected: 0.2.1
    cpe:2.3:a:nanobot:nanobot:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Eric-a (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-90467 (GCVE-0-2026-90467)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-12 01:50 – Updated: 2026-09-14 18:17
VLAI
Title
aiosmtplib before 5.1.3 ESMTP Parameter Injection via unvalidated addresses
Summary
aiosmtplib before 5.1.3 fails to properly validate email addresses supplied by callers, allowing attackers to inject ESMTP parameters into MAIL FROM and RCPT TO command lines. Attackers can craft malicious addresses containing spaces and angle brackets to append parameters like AUTH, NOTIFY, or ORCPT to envelope commands, forging authenticated identities or forcing delivery notifications to third parties.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N
4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 16:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-88 - Improper Neutralization of Argument Delimiters in a Command ('Argument Injection')
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
cole aiosmtplib Affected: 0 , < 5.1.3 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.1.3 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-07 00:00
Credits
Alfie Goh Li Heng
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-89066 (GCVE-0-2026-89066)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-11 16:05 – Updated: 2026-09-11 16:21
VLAI
Title
OS command injection in the task synthesis component in projen
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command in the task synthesis component in projen before 0.103.0 might allow context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary commands on a developer workstation or continuous integration runner via shell metacharacters in project configuration values and repository file names that are interpolated into generated task definitions. To remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version 0.103.0 and then re-synthesize the project so that .projen/tasks.json is regenerated with the corrected task definitions. Upgrading alone is not sufficient because the generated task definition file is committed to the repository.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.4 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-11 16:20 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-78 - Improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command ('OS command injection')
  • CWE-88 - Improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command ('argument injection')
Assigner
AMZN CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AWS projen Affected: 0 , < 0.103.0 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:aws:projen:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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    "dateReserved": "2026-09-10T18:44:43.656Z",
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Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Parameterization

Where possible, avoid building a single string that contains the command and its arguments. Some languages or frameworks have functions that support specifying independent arguments, e.g. as an array, which is used to automatically perform the appropriate quoting or escaping while building the command. For example, in PHP, escapeshellarg() can be used to escape a single argument to system(), or exec() can be called with an array of arguments. In C, code can often be refactored from using system() - which accepts a single string - to using exec(), which requires separate function arguments for each parameter.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Input Validation

Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your product: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, request headers as well as content, URL components, e-mail, files, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Perform input validation at well-defined interfaces.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Implementation

Directly convert your input type into the expected data type, such as using a conversion function that translates a string into a number. After converting to the expected data type, ensure that the input's values fall within the expected range of allowable values and that multi-field consistencies are maintained.

Mitigation
Implementation
  • Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
  • Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
Mitigation
Implementation

When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.

Mitigation
Implementation

When your application combines data from multiple sources, perform the validation after the sources have been combined. The individual data elements may pass the validation step but violate the intended restrictions after they have been combined.

Mitigation
Testing

Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.

CAPEC-137: Parameter Injection

An adversary manipulates the content of request parameters for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some parameter encodings use text characters as separators. For example, parameters in a HTTP GET message are encoded as name-value pairs separated by an ampersand (&). If an attacker can supply text strings that are used to fill in these parameters, then they can inject special characters used in the encoding scheme to add or modify parameters. For example, if user input is fed directly into an HTTP GET request and the user provides the value "myInput&new_param=myValue", then the input parameter is set to myInput, but a new parameter (new_param) is also added with a value of myValue. This can significantly change the meaning of the query that is processed by the server. Any encoding scheme where parameters are identified and separated by text characters is potentially vulnerable to this attack - the HTTP GET encoding used above is just one example.

CAPEC-174: Flash Parameter Injection

An adversary takes advantage of improper data validation to inject malicious global parameters into a Flash file embedded within an HTML document. Flash files can leverage user-submitted data to configure the Flash document and access the embedding HTML document.

CAPEC-41: Using Meta-characters in E-mail Headers to Inject Malicious Payloads

This type of attack involves an attacker leveraging meta-characters in email headers to inject improper behavior into email programs. Email software has become increasingly sophisticated and feature-rich. In addition, email applications are ubiquitous and connected directly to the Web making them ideal targets to launch and propagate attacks. As the user demand for new functionality in email applications grows, they become more like browsers with complex rendering and plug in routines. As more email functionality is included and abstracted from the user, this creates opportunities for attackers. Virtually all email applications do not list email header information by default, however the email header contains valuable attacker vectors for the attacker to exploit particularly if the behavior of the email client application is known. Meta-characters are hidden from the user, but can contain scripts, enumerations, probes, and other attacks against the user's system.

CAPEC-460: HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP)

An adversary adds duplicate HTTP GET/POST parameters by injecting query string delimiters. Via HPP it may be possible to override existing hardcoded HTTP parameters, modify the application behaviors, access and, potentially exploit, uncontrollable variables, and bypass input validation checkpoints and WAF rules.

CAPEC-88: OS Command Injection

In this type of an attack, an adversary injects operating system commands into existing application functions. An application that uses untrusted input to build command strings is vulnerable. An adversary can leverage OS command injection in an application to elevate privileges, execute arbitrary commands and compromise the underlying operating system.

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