Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-79
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
26543 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-103686 (GCVE-0-2026-103686)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-01 13:45 – Updated: 2026-10-06 01:44 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
rhukster dom-sanitizer URL Validation DOMSanitizer.php isDangerousUrl cross site scripting
Summary
A flaw has been found in rhukster dom-sanitizer up to 1.0.15. Impacted is the function DOMSanitizer::isDangerousUrl of the file src/DOMSanitizer.php of the component URL Validation. This manipulation causes cross site scripting. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. Upgrading to version 1.0.16 is recommended to address this issue. Patch name: 4623b565d060bc02ca5a07d8c8241fe28e2edfda. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 01:44 UTC
Assigner
VulDB
CNA
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/412550 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/412550/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-103686 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/958312 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/rhukster/dom-sanitizer/securit… | exploit |
| https://github.com/rhukster/dom-sanitizer/commit/… | patch |
| https://github.com/rhukster/dom-sanitizer/release… | patch |
| https://github.com/rhukster/dom-sanitizer/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| rhukster | dom-sanitizer |
Affected:
1.0.0
Affected: 1.0.1 Affected: 1.0.2 Affected: 1.0.3 Affected: 1.0.4 Affected: 1.0.5 Affected: 1.0.6 Affected: 1.0.7 Affected: 1.0.8 Affected: 1.0.9 Affected: 1.0.10 Affected: 1.0.11 Affected: 1.0.12 Affected: 1.0.13 Affected: 1.0.14 Affected: 1.0.15 Unaffected: 1.0.16 cpe:2.3:a:rhukster:dom-sanitizer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-103686",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-06T01:44:45.417881Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T01:44:54.243Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:rhukster:dom-sanitizer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"modules": [
"URL Validation"
],
"product": "dom-sanitizer",
"vendor": "rhukster",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.0"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.8"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.9"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.10"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.11"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.12"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.13"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.14"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.0.15"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "1.0.16"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "0xMo-Error (VulDB User)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A flaw has been found in rhukster dom-sanitizer up to 1.0.15. Impacted is the function DOMSanitizer::isDangerousUrl of the file src/DOMSanitizer.php of the component URL Validation. This manipulation causes cross site scripting. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. Upgrading to version 1.0.16 is recommended to address this issue. Patch name: 4623b565d060bc02ca5a07d8c8241fe28e2edfda. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 5.1,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 3.5,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 3.5,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 4,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:N/I:P/A:N/E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-79",
"description": "Cross Site Scripting",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-94",
"description": "Code Injection",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T13:45:12.259Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-412550 | rhukster dom-sanitizer URL Validation DOMSanitizer.php isDangerousUrl cross site scripting",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/412550"
},
{
"name": "VDB-412550 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/412550/cti"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2026-103686 | CVE Analysis and Report",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-103686"
},
{
"name": "Submit #958312 | rhukster dom-sanitizer \u003c= 1.0.15 Improper Input Validation",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/958312"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/rhukster/dom-sanitizer/security/advisories/GHSA-mrpv-6x26-mf6c"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/rhukster/dom-sanitizer/commit/4623b565d060bc02ca5a07d8c8241fe28e2edfda"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/rhukster/dom-sanitizer/releases/tag/1.0.16"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/rhukster/dom-sanitizer/"
}
],
"tags": [
"x_open-source"
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-01T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-01T11:36:41.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "rhukster dom-sanitizer URL Validation DOMSanitizer.php isDangerousUrl cross site scripting",
"x_generator": [
"VulDB PVTS v202610"
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-103686",
"datePublished": "2026-10-01T13:45:12.259Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-01T09:31:30.531Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T01:44:54.243Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-103667 (GCVE-0-2026-103667)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 19:23 – Updated: 2026-10-07 20:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Gitea container registry stored XSS through blob media type
Summary
Gitea's container registry served blob downloads with a `Content-Type` taken from the media type declared in pushed image manifests, without a `Content-Disposition` or restrictive content security policy. A user who can push container images can publish a blob containing HTML and JavaScript with a `text/html` media type. When a victim who is authenticated to the instance opens the blob URL in a browser, the script runs on the Gitea origin and can perform actions as the victim, such as creating API tokens.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 20:16 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
Gitea
CNA
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/security/adviso… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/39398 | patch |
| https://blog.gitea.com/release-of-28.0.0/ | release-notes |
| https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v28.0.0 | release-notes |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.4,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-103667",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-07T20:16:50.727435Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-07T20:17:12.875Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "gitea.dev",
"product": "Gitea",
"vendor": "Gitea",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.27.3",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "https://github.com/parameter-ai-security"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "https://github.com/wxiaoguang"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Gitea\u0027s container registry served blob downloads with a `Content-Type` taken from the media type declared in pushed image manifests, without a `Content-Disposition` or restrictive content security policy. A user who can push container images can publish a blob containing HTML and JavaScript with a `text/html` media type. When a victim who is authenticated to the instance opens the blob URL in a browser, the script runs on the Gitea origin and can perform actions as the victim, such as creating API tokens."
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-79",
"description": "CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T19:23:34.873Z",
"orgId": "88ee5874-cf24-4952-aea0-31affedb7ff2",
"shortName": "Gitea"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "GitHub Security Advisory GHSA-7cq7-4v93-8wjm",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/security/advisories/GHSA-7cq7-4v93-8wjm"
},
{
"name": "Fix: go-gitea/gitea pull request #39398",
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/39398"
},
{
"name": "Gitea 28.0.0 release announcement",
"tags": [
"release-notes"
],
"url": "https://blog.gitea.com/release-of-28.0.0/"
},
{
"name": "go-gitea/gitea v28.0.0 release",
"tags": [
"release-notes"
],
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v28.0.0"
}
],
"title": "Gitea container registry stored XSS through blob media type"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "88ee5874-cf24-4952-aea0-31affedb7ff2",
"assignerShortName": "Gitea",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-103667",
"datePublished": "2026-10-06T19:23:34.873Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-04T21:57:35.562Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-07T20:17:12.875Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-103664 (GCVE-0-2026-103664)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-01 08:55 – Updated: 2026-10-01 15:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MISP Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via Unsanitized Analyst Data Seed Parameter
Summary
MISP contains a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the analyst data notes panel. The seed path parameter, supplied by the user via the URL, was passed directly into inline JavaScript within the rendered HTML response without any sanitization or type enforcement.
An attacker who can convince an authenticated MISP user to navigate to a crafted URL (for example, via a phishing link) can inject arbitrary JavaScript that executes in the victim's browser context. This may allow the attacker to read session tokens, manipulate the page, or perform actions on behalf of the victim.
Preconditions:
- The victim must be authenticated to MISP and access the analyst data view for an attribute or object.
- The attacker must supply a malicious seed value in the URL path.
Impact:
- Execution of arbitrary JavaScript in the victim's browser session.
- Potential theft of session credentials or sensitive data visible in the page.
- Manipulation of the analyst data interface.
Affected: MISP versions prior to the fix (commit 58925dbf0, post v2.5.48).
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
Supplier · CIRCL (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 08:49 UTC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 15:06 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
CIRCL
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/58925dbf0 | patch |
Impacted products
GCVE extensions
AI-generated
Human-reviewed
Confidence: high
Model
qwen3.8:27b
1 event
advisory
bcp-05-x-01bcp-05-x-02bcp-05-x-03
Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.
ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
| Model | Source | Identifier |
|---|---|---|
| qwen3.8:27b | ollama | qwen3.8:27b |
- Generator
-
patch2vuln.pyon 2026-10-01 08:49 - Model
qwen3.8:27b- Input
-
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/58925dbf0.patch
7e384946a0fb… - Confidence
- high
| Commit | Subject | Patch SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|
58925dbf01c2
|
fix: [security] Cast the analyst data seed to an integer | 7e384946a0fb… |
Fix summary
The vulnerability is remediated by enforcing integer type on the seed parameter at both the controller layer and the view/template layer. Casting the value to an integer ensures that any non-numeric input (including script payloads) is neutralized before it reaches the inline JavaScript context, eliminating the injection vector.
Patch summary
In AttributesController.php and ObjectsController.php, the seed value set for the view is now cast to an integer with a fallback to a random integer if the cast yields zero. In the two analyst data view templates (generic_simple.ctp and thread.ctp), the seed variable is similarly cast to an integer before use in inline script, replacing the previous logic that only checked for emptiness without type enforcement.
CVSS rationale
AV:N - exploitable over the network via a crafted URL. AC:L - no race conditions or special conditions; a simple URL with a malicious seed suffices. AT:N - no prior manipulation of the target system needed. PR:L - MISP is an authenticated platform; the attacker needs at least a low-privilege account or must target an authenticated user. UI:A - the victim must actively navigate to the crafted URL. VC/VI/VA:N - the server-side confidentiality, integrity, and availability are not directly impacted. SC:L - the victim's browser session data (cookies, tokens) can be read. SI:L - the victim's page content can be modified. SA:N - no impact on security authority.
Weakness rationale
- CWE-79 The user-supplied seed parameter was reflected into inline JavaScript in the HTML response without sanitization or type coercion, allowing script injection. This is a textbook reflected XSS.
Attack pattern rationale
- CAPEC-1 The attacker supplies a malicious value in a URL parameter (seed), which the server reflects unmodified into inline JavaScript in the HTTP response. The victim's browser executes the injected script. This matches the reflected XSS pattern precisely. No uncertainty in this mapping.
Assumptions to verify
- MISP requires user authentication to access the analyst data views; PR:L assumes a low-privilege authenticated account is sufficient for the attacker to craft or deliver the malicious URL.
- The exact fixed version number is not stated in the patch; the fix commit is 32 commits after the v2.5.48 tag, so the fixed version is presumed to be a release after 2.5.48.
- The UI:A rating assumes the victim must click a link or navigate to the crafted URL; if the seed could be injected via a different vector requiring no user interaction, UI could be None.
- CAPEC-1 (Reflected XSS) is selected as the closest match; the injection occurs server-side into the HTML response, distinguishing it from DOM-based XSS (CAPEC-64).
Model comparison
Selected qwen3.8:27b
by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.
| Model | Score | Agreement | Confidence | Assumptions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
qwen3.8:27b |
9 | 11 | high | 4 |
- 2026-09-24 16:06 UTC Fix developed Corrective change authored (58925dbf01c2fe5dfe9b2f61a421f6463f66ca56): fix: [security] Cast the analyst data seed to an integer https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/58925dbf0.patch
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-103664",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-01T15:06:14.886463Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T15:06:25.374Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:misp:misp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"modules": [
"AttributesController::viewAnalystData",
"ObjectsController::viewAnalystData",
"Analyst_data view templates"
],
"product": "MISP",
"programFiles": [
"app/Controller/AttributesController.php",
"app/Controller/ObjectsController.php",
"app/View/Elements/genericElements/Analyst_data/generic_simple.ctp",
"app/View/Elements/genericElements/Analyst_data/thread.ctp"
],
"repo": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
"vendor": "MISP",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.5.48",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Jeroen Pinoy"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "iglocska"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eMISP contains a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the analyst data notes panel. The seed path parameter, supplied by the user via the URL, was passed directly into inline JavaScript within the rendered HTML response without any sanitization or type enforcement.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn attacker who can convince an authenticated MISP user to navigate to a crafted URL (for example, via a phishing link) can inject arbitrary JavaScript that executes in the victim\u0027s browser context. This may allow the attacker to read session tokens, manipulate the page, or perform actions on behalf of the victim.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreconditions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The victim must be authenticated to MISP and access the analyst data view for an attribute or object.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The attacker must supply a malicious seed value in the URL path.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eImpact:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Execution of arbitrary JavaScript in the victim\u0027s browser session.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Potential theft of session credentials or sensitive data visible in the page.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Manipulation of the analyst data interface.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffected: MISP versions prior to the fix (commit 58925dbf0, post v2.5.48).\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "MISP contains a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the analyst data notes panel. The seed path parameter, supplied by the user via the URL, was passed directly into inline JavaScript within the rendered HTML response without any sanitization or type enforcement.\n\nAn attacker who can convince an authenticated MISP user to navigate to a crafted URL (for example, via a phishing link) can inject arbitrary JavaScript that executes in the victim\u0027s browser context. This may allow the attacker to read session tokens, manipulate the page, or perform actions on behalf of the victim.\n\nPreconditions:\n\n- The victim must be authenticated to MISP and access the analyst data view for an attribute or object.\n\n- The attacker must supply a malicious seed value in the URL path.\n\nImpact:\n\n- Execution of arbitrary JavaScript in the victim\u0027s browser session.\n\n- Potential theft of session credentials or sensitive data visible in the page.\n\n- Manipulation of the analyst data interface.\n\nAffected: MISP versions prior to the fix (commit 58925dbf0, post v2.5.48)."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-1",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-1 XSS - Reflected"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 4.8,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"subIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"userInteraction": "ACTIVE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
},
{
"format": "SSVC",
"other": {
"content": {
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "Supplier",
"timestamp": "2026-10-01T08:49:54Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "SSVC"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-79",
"description": "CWE-79 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T08:55:51.589Z",
"orgId": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8",
"shortName": "CIRCL"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "Security patch",
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/58925dbf0"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eThe vulnerability is remediated by enforcing integer type on the seed parameter at both the controller layer and the view/template layer. Casting the value to an integer ensures that any non-numeric input (including script payloads) is neutralized before it reaches the inline JavaScript context, eliminating the injection vector.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "The vulnerability is remediated by enforcing integer type on the seed parameter at both the controller layer and the view/template layer. Casting the value to an integer ensures that any non-numeric input (including script payloads) is neutralized before it reaches the inline JavaScript context, eliminating the injection vector."
}
],
"title": "MISP Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via Unsanitized Analyst Data Seed Parameter",
"x_gcve": [
{
"extensions": {
"bcp-05-x-01": {
"ai_annotations": [
{
"ai_level": "generated",
"description": "Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.",
"gna_source": 1,
"models": [
{
"gna_source": 1,
"identifier": "qwen3.8:27b",
"name": "qwen3.8:27b",
"source": "ollama"
}
],
"review_status": "full",
"scope": "record",
"tags": [
"ai-computer-assisted:llm-generated",
"ai-computer-assisted:classification"
]
}
]
},
"bcp-05-x-02": {
"x_patch2vuln": {
"assumptions": [
"MISP requires user authentication to access the analyst data views; PR:L assumes a low-privilege authenticated account is sufficient for the attacker to craft or deliver the malicious URL.",
"The exact fixed version number is not stated in the patch; the fix commit is 32 commits after the v2.5.48 tag, so the fixed version is presumed to be a release after 2.5.48.",
"The UI:A rating assumes the victim must click a link or navigate to the crafted URL; if the seed could be injected via a different vector requiring no user interaction, UI could be None.",
"CAPEC-1 (Reflected XSS) is selected as the closest match; the injection occurs server-side into the HTML response, distinguishing it from DOM-based XSS (CAPEC-64)."
],
"capecRationale": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-1",
"rationale": "The attacker supplies a malicious value in a URL parameter (seed), which the server reflects unmodified into inline JavaScript in the HTTP response. The victim\u0027s browser executes the injected script. This matches the reflected XSS pattern precisely. No uncertainty in this mapping."
}
],
"commit": "58925dbf01c2fe5dfe9b2f61a421f6463f66ca56",
"confidence": "high",
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Jeroen Pinoy"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "iglocska"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context)"
}
],
"cvssRationale": "AV:N - exploitable over the network via a crafted URL. AC:L - no race conditions or special conditions; a simple URL with a malicious seed suffices. AT:N - no prior manipulation of the target system needed. PR:L - MISP is an authenticated platform; the attacker needs at least a low-privilege account or must target an authenticated user. UI:A - the victim must actively navigate to the crafted URL. VC/VI/VA:N - the server-side confidentiality, integrity, and availability are not directly impacted. SC:L - the victim\u0027s browser session data (cookies, tokens) can be read. SI:L - the victim\u0027s page content can be modified. SA:N - no impact on security authority.",
"fixSummary": "The vulnerability is remediated by enforcing integer type on the seed parameter at both the controller layer and the view/template layer. Casting the value to an integer ensures that any non-numeric input (including script payloads) is neutralized before it reaches the inline JavaScript context, eliminating the injection vector.",
"generatedAt": "2026-10-01T08:49:54.035056Z",
"generator": "patch2vuln.py",
"model": "qwen3.8:27b",
"modelComparison": {
"rankings": [
{
"agreementScore": 11,
"assumptionCount": 4,
"confidence": "high",
"model": "qwen3.8:27b",
"score": 9
}
],
"selectedModel": "qwen3.8:27b",
"selectionMethod": "deterministic-consensus-v1",
"selectionNotice": "The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required."
},
"patchSha256": "7e384946a0fb4f1d43dee43a5374cabf2e70c31add4a6d2e4fa845cdc5ee5b37",
"patchSummary": "In AttributesController.php and ObjectsController.php, the seed value set for the view is now cast to an integer with a fallback to a random integer if the cast yields zero. In the two analyst data view templates (generic_simple.ctp and thread.ctp), the seed variable is similarly cast to an integer before use in inline script, replacing the previous logic that only checked for emptiness without type enforcement.",
"patchTruncated": false,
"patches": [
{
"commit": "58925dbf01c2fe5dfe9b2f61a421f6463f66ca56",
"date": "Thu, 24 Sep 2026 18:06:24 +0200",
"patchSha256": "7e384946a0fb4f1d43dee43a5374cabf2e70c31add4a6d2e4fa845cdc5ee5b37",
"source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/58925dbf0.patch",
"sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/58925dbf0.patch",
"subject": "fix: [security] Cast the analyst data seed to an integer"
}
],
"source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/58925dbf0.patch",
"ssvc": {
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "Supplier",
"timestamp": "2026-10-01T08:49:54Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"subject": "fix: [security] Cast the analyst data seed to an integer",
"tagVersionBoundary": {
"commits_after_fix": 32,
"repository": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
"tag": "v2.5.48",
"version": "2.5.48",
"version_type": "semver"
},
"weaknessRationale": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-79",
"rationale": "The user-supplied seed parameter was reflected into inline JavaScript in the HTML response without sanitization or type coercion, allowing script injection. This is a textbook reflected XSS."
}
]
}
},
"bcp-05-x-03": {
"x_timeline": {
"events": [
{
"description": "Corrective change authored (58925dbf01c2fe5dfe9b2f61a421f6463f66ca56): fix: [security] Cast the analyst data seed to an integer",
"id": "evt-fix-developed-1",
"references": [
"https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/58925dbf0.patch"
],
"timestamp": "2026-09-24T16:06:24Z",
"type": "fix-developed"
}
]
}
}
},
"recordType": "advisory",
"vulnId": "GCVE-1-2026-20241"
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8",
"assignerShortName": "CIRCL",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-103664",
"datePublished": "2026-10-01T08:55:51.589Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-01T08:55:49.992Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T15:06:25.374Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-103662 (GCVE-0-2026-103662)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-01 08:48 – Updated: 2026-10-01 15:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MISP Reflected XSS in Taxonomy Tag Confirmation Forms
Summary
MISP contains a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the legacy taxonomy tag management confirmation forms (add tag and disable tag).
The affected forms echoed a user-supplied tag name value from the request unescaped into the rendered HTML output. An attacker who can induce a site administrator to visit a crafted URL containing a malicious tag name parameter can execute arbitrary JavaScript in the administrator's browser session.
Preconditions:
- The target must be running a MISP instance with the legacy taxonomy tag confirmation views enabled.
- The victim must be an authenticated site administrator.
- The victim must navigate to the attacker-crafted URL (e.g., via a phishing link).
Security impact:
- Execution of arbitrary client-side script in the context of the administrator's browser.
- Potential theft of session tokens, CSRF tokens, or other sensitive data accessible from the page.
- Potential for performing privileged actions on behalf of the administrator within the MISP interface.
Affected versions: <2.5.48.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
Supplier · CIRCL (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 08:34 UTC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 15:07 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
CIRCL
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/9619083c8 | patch |
Impacted products
GCVE extensions
AI-generated
Human-reviewed
Confidence: high
Model
qwen3.8:27b
1 event
advisory
bcp-05-x-01bcp-05-x-02bcp-05-x-03
Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.
ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
| Model | Source | Identifier |
|---|---|---|
| qwen3.8:27b | ollama | qwen3.8:27b |
- Generator
-
patch2vuln.pyon 2026-10-01 08:34 - Model
qwen3.8:27b- Input
-
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/9619083c8.patch
0255a5f82ee8… - Confidence
- high
| Commit | Subject | Patch SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|
9619083c8cea
|
fix: [security] Escape the tag name on the taxonomy tag | 0255a5f82ee8… |
Fix summary
The vulnerability is remediated by HTML-encoding the user-supplied tag name value before it is interpolated into the confirmation form description text. This ensures that any HTML metacharacters in the input are rendered as inert text rather than executable markup, neutralizing the reflected XSS vector.
Patch summary
Two view template files (app/View/Taxonomies/add_tag.ctp and app/View/Taxonomies/disable_tag.ctp) are modified. In each file, the raw request data value $this->request->data['Taxonomy']['name'] is wrapped with CakePHP's h() HTML-encoding helper function before being passed to the translation string that renders the confirmation description. This is a one-line change per file, adding the h() wrapper around the previously unescaped variable.
CVSS rationale
AV:N - the vulnerability is exploitable over the network via a crafted URL. AC:L - no race conditions or special conditions; simply visiting a crafted URL triggers the XSS. AT:N - no attack target manipulation required. PR:N - the attacker does not need authentication; they craft a URL for the admin to visit. UI:A - the administrator must actively navigate to the malicious URL. VC:L - the XSS can read session cookies and page data in the admin's browser. VI:L - the XSS can perform actions on behalf of the admin within the MISP interface. VA:N - no availability impact. SC/SI/SA:N - the impact is confined to the victim's browser session; no secondary system impact is evidenced.
Weakness rationale
- CWE-79 The patch directly addresses a reflected XSS: user-controlled input from the request is echoed into HTML output without encoding. The fix applies HTML entity encoding (h() helper), which is the canonical remediation for CWE-79.
Attack pattern rationale
- CAPEC-63 The commit message explicitly states the tag name is 'echoed from the URL unescaped, a reflected XSS.' The attacker supplies a malicious value via a URL parameter, the application reflects it into the HTML response without encoding, and the script executes in the victim's browser. This is a textbook reflected XSS pattern matching CAPEC-63 exactly.
Assumptions to verify
- The tag v2.5.48 is assumed to be the first release containing the fix based on the tag_version_boundary metadata showing 44 commits after the fix commit; the exact release version that first shipped the fix is not explicitly stated.
- The vulnerability requires the legacy taxonomy tag confirmation views to be in use; if MISP has migrated to a different UI for taxonomy management, the attack surface may not be reachable.
- PR:N is assumed because the attacker does not need their own MISP account; they only need to deliver a crafted URL to an authenticated admin. If the form is only reachable via authenticated session and the parameter cannot be injected via URL for unauthenticated users, PR could be elevated.
- The Co-Authored-By line references an AI tool (Claude Opus 5.5); this is not credited as a human contributor per standard CVE credit practices.
- CAPEC-63 is selected as the closest match; the exact CAPEC taxonomy does not have a more specific entry for reflected XSS in server-rendered template engines.
Model comparison
Selected qwen3.8:27b
by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.
| Model | Score | Agreement | Confidence | Assumptions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
qwen3.8:27b |
8 | 11 | high | 5 |
- 2026-09-23 09:17 UTC Fix developed Corrective change authored (9619083c8cea496fd3ddbad5bf9be57c91fd2118): fix: [security] Escape the tag name on the taxonomy tag https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/9619083c8.patch
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-103662",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-01T15:07:07.862444Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T15:07:17.448Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:misp:misp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"modules": [
"Taxonomies (add_tag",
"disable_tag views)"
],
"product": "MISP",
"programFiles": [
"app/View/Taxonomies/add_tag.ctp",
"app/View/Taxonomies/disable_tag.ctp"
],
"repo": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
"vendor": "MISP",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.5.48",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "C\u00e9lien Desteucq of NCIA"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "iglocska"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eMISP contains a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the legacy taxonomy tag management confirmation forms (add tag and disable tag).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe affected forms echoed a user-supplied tag name value from the request unescaped into the rendered HTML output. An attacker who can induce a site administrator to visit a crafted URL containing a malicious tag name parameter can execute arbitrary JavaScript in the administrator\u0027s browser session.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreconditions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The target must be running a MISP instance with the legacy taxonomy tag confirmation views enabled.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The victim must be an authenticated site administrator.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The victim must navigate to the attacker-crafted URL (e.g., via a phishing link).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecurity impact:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Execution of arbitrary client-side script in the context of the administrator\u0027s browser.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Potential theft of session tokens, CSRF tokens, or other sensitive data accessible from the page.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Potential for performing privileged actions on behalf of the administrator within the MISP interface.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAffected versions: \u0026lt;2.5.48.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "MISP contains a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the legacy taxonomy tag management confirmation forms (add tag and disable tag).\n\nThe affected forms echoed a user-supplied tag name value from the request unescaped into the rendered HTML output. An attacker who can induce a site administrator to visit a crafted URL containing a malicious tag name parameter can execute arbitrary JavaScript in the administrator\u0027s browser session.\n\nPreconditions:\n\n- The target must be running a MISP instance with the legacy taxonomy tag confirmation views enabled.\n\n- The victim must be an authenticated site administrator.\n\n- The victim must navigate to the attacker-crafted URL (e.g., via a phishing link).\n\nSecurity impact:\n\n- Execution of arbitrary client-side script in the context of the administrator\u0027s browser.\n\n- Potential theft of session tokens, CSRF tokens, or other sensitive data accessible from the page.\n\n- Potential for performing privileged actions on behalf of the administrator within the MISP interface.\n\nAffected versions: \u003c2.5.48."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-63",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-63 Reflected Cross-Site Scripting"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 5.1,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "ACTIVE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
},
{
"format": "SSVC",
"other": {
"content": {
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "Supplier",
"timestamp": "2026-10-01T08:34:46Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "SSVC"
},
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-79",
"description": "CWE-79 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T08:48:38.222Z",
"orgId": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8",
"shortName": "CIRCL"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "Security patch",
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/9619083c8"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eThe vulnerability is remediated by HTML-encoding the user-supplied tag name value before it is interpolated into the confirmation form description text. This ensures that any HTML metacharacters in the input are rendered as inert text rather than executable markup, neutralizing the reflected XSS vector.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "The vulnerability is remediated by HTML-encoding the user-supplied tag name value before it is interpolated into the confirmation form description text. This ensures that any HTML metacharacters in the input are rendered as inert text rather than executable markup, neutralizing the reflected XSS vector."
}
],
"title": "MISP Reflected XSS in Taxonomy Tag Confirmation Forms",
"x_gcve": [
{
"extensions": {
"bcp-05-x-01": {
"ai_annotations": [
{
"ai_level": "generated",
"description": "Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.",
"gna_source": 1,
"models": [
{
"gna_source": 1,
"identifier": "qwen3.8:27b",
"name": "qwen3.8:27b",
"source": "ollama"
}
],
"review_status": "full",
"scope": "record",
"tags": [
"ai-computer-assisted:llm-generated",
"ai-computer-assisted:classification"
]
}
]
},
"bcp-05-x-02": {
"x_patch2vuln": {
"assumptions": [
"The tag v2.5.48 is assumed to be the first release containing the fix based on the tag_version_boundary metadata showing 44 commits after the fix commit; the exact release version that first shipped the fix is not explicitly stated.",
"The vulnerability requires the legacy taxonomy tag confirmation views to be in use; if MISP has migrated to a different UI for taxonomy management, the attack surface may not be reachable.",
"PR:N is assumed because the attacker does not need their own MISP account; they only need to deliver a crafted URL to an authenticated admin. If the form is only reachable via authenticated session and the parameter cannot be injected via URL for unauthenticated users, PR could be elevated.",
"The Co-Authored-By line references an AI tool (Claude Opus 5.5); this is not credited as a human contributor per standard CVE credit practices.",
"CAPEC-63 is selected as the closest match; the exact CAPEC taxonomy does not have a more specific entry for reflected XSS in server-rendered template engines."
],
"capecRationale": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-63",
"rationale": "The commit message explicitly states the tag name is \u0027echoed from the URL unescaped, a reflected XSS.\u0027 The attacker supplies a malicious value via a URL parameter, the application reflects it into the HTML response without encoding, and the script executes in the victim\u0027s browser. This is a textbook reflected XSS pattern matching CAPEC-63 exactly."
}
],
"commit": "9619083c8cea496fd3ddbad5bf9be57c91fd2118",
"confidence": "high",
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "C\u00e9lien Desteucq of NCIA"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "iglocska"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context)"
}
],
"cvssRationale": "AV:N - the vulnerability is exploitable over the network via a crafted URL. AC:L - no race conditions or special conditions; simply visiting a crafted URL triggers the XSS. AT:N - no attack target manipulation required. PR:N - the attacker does not need authentication; they craft a URL for the admin to visit. UI:A - the administrator must actively navigate to the malicious URL. VC:L - the XSS can read session cookies and page data in the admin\u0027s browser. VI:L - the XSS can perform actions on behalf of the admin within the MISP interface. VA:N - no availability impact. SC/SI/SA:N - the impact is confined to the victim\u0027s browser session; no secondary system impact is evidenced.",
"fixSummary": "The vulnerability is remediated by HTML-encoding the user-supplied tag name value before it is interpolated into the confirmation form description text. This ensures that any HTML metacharacters in the input are rendered as inert text rather than executable markup, neutralizing the reflected XSS vector.",
"generatedAt": "2026-10-01T08:34:46.777011Z",
"generator": "patch2vuln.py",
"model": "qwen3.8:27b",
"modelComparison": {
"rankings": [
{
"agreementScore": 11,
"assumptionCount": 5,
"confidence": "high",
"model": "qwen3.8:27b",
"score": 8
}
],
"selectedModel": "qwen3.8:27b",
"selectionMethod": "deterministic-consensus-v1",
"selectionNotice": "The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required."
},
"patchSha256": "0255a5f82ee8c34e3f27c236a85f0dfc4379393d7e75c42d4d33fbc6d6b151ac",
"patchSummary": "Two view template files (app/View/Taxonomies/add_tag.ctp and app/View/Taxonomies/disable_tag.ctp) are modified. In each file, the raw request data value $this-\u003erequest-\u003edata[\u0027Taxonomy\u0027][\u0027name\u0027] is wrapped with CakePHP\u0027s h() HTML-encoding helper function before being passed to the translation string that renders the confirmation description. This is a one-line change per file, adding the h() wrapper around the previously unescaped variable.",
"patchTruncated": false,
"patches": [
{
"commit": "9619083c8cea496fd3ddbad5bf9be57c91fd2118",
"date": "Wed, 23 Sep 2026 11:17:07 +0200",
"patchSha256": "0255a5f82ee8c34e3f27c236a85f0dfc4379393d7e75c42d4d33fbc6d6b151ac",
"source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/9619083c8.patch",
"sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/9619083c8.patch",
"subject": "fix: [security] Escape the tag name on the taxonomy tag"
}
],
"source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/9619083c8.patch",
"ssvc": {
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "Supplier",
"timestamp": "2026-10-01T08:34:46Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"subject": "fix: [security] Escape the tag name on the taxonomy tag",
"tagVersionBoundary": {
"commits_after_fix": 44,
"repository": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
"tag": "v2.5.48",
"version": "2.5.48",
"version_type": "semver"
},
"weaknessRationale": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-79",
"rationale": "The patch directly addresses a reflected XSS: user-controlled input from the request is echoed into HTML output without encoding. The fix applies HTML entity encoding (h() helper), which is the canonical remediation for CWE-79."
}
]
}
},
"bcp-05-x-03": {
"x_timeline": {
"events": [
{
"description": "Corrective change authored (9619083c8cea496fd3ddbad5bf9be57c91fd2118): fix: [security] Escape the tag name on the taxonomy tag",
"id": "evt-fix-developed-1",
"references": [
"https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/9619083c8.patch"
],
"timestamp": "2026-09-23T09:17:07Z",
"type": "fix-developed"
}
]
}
}
},
"recordType": "advisory",
"vulnId": "GCVE-1-2026-20300"
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8",
"assignerShortName": "CIRCL",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-103662",
"datePublished": "2026-10-01T08:48:38.222Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-01T08:48:36.324Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T15:07:17.448Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-103647 (GCVE-0-2026-103647)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-08 10:53 – Updated: 2026-10-08 14:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') in hMailServer
Summary
Cross-site scripting in the webmail of Progressive Robot hMailServer 6.3.2 through 6.3.5 allows a remote attacker who can send a user an encrypted message to run script in the webmail's origin with that user's session. When the webmail decrypted an S/MIME message (from 6.3.2) or an OpenPGP message (from 6.3.4) in the browser, it offered each decrypted attachment as a blob URL of the media type the message declared for it. A click saved the file, but if the user opened the attachment in a new tab, a part declared as text/html was rendered as a document of the webmail's origin and its script could read the mailbox, send mail and change the account through the REST API. The webmail is served only when the REST API is enabled, which it is not by default.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-08 14:22 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
GitLab
CNA
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Progressive Robot Ltd | hMailServer |
Affected:
6.3.2 , < 6.3.6
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-103647",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-08T14:22:42.954493Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-08T14:22:56.590Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "hMailServer",
"repo": "https://gitlab.com/hmailserver/hmailserver",
"vendor": "Progressive Robot Ltd",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "6.3.6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.3.2",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Found in the hMailServer project\u0027s own security review (Progressive Robot Ltd)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Cross-site scripting in the webmail of Progressive Robot hMailServer 6.3.2 through 6.3.5 allows a remote attacker who can send a user an encrypted message to run script in the webmail\u0027s origin with that user\u0027s session. When the webmail decrypted an S/MIME message (from 6.3.2) or an OpenPGP message (from 6.3.4) in the browser, it offered each decrypted attachment as a blob URL of the media type the message declared for it. A click saved the file, but if the user opened the attachment in a new tab, a part declared as text/html was rendered as a document of the webmail\u0027s origin and its script could read the mailbox, send mail and change the account through the REST API. The webmail is served only when the REST API is enabled, which it is not by default."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-79",
"description": "CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-08T10:53:05.628Z",
"orgId": "ceab7361-8a18-47b1-92ba-4d7d25f6715a",
"shortName": "GitLab"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://gitlab.com/hmailserver/hmailserver/-/work_items/52"
},
{
"url": "https://gitlab.com/hmailserver/hmailserver/-/releases/v6.3.6"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Upgrade to hMailServer 6.3.6, which hands every decrypted attachment to the browser as application/octet-stream so that it is only ever saved. Until then: keep the REST API off (RestApiPort 0, the default), or tell webmail users not to open decrypted attachments in a new tab."
}
],
"title": "Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027) in hMailServer"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "ceab7361-8a18-47b1-92ba-4d7d25f6715a",
"assignerShortName": "GitLab",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-103647",
"datePublished": "2026-10-08T10:53:05.628Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-01T07:04:34.908Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-08T14:22:56.590Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-103590 (GCVE-0-2026-103590)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-30 23:02 – Updated: 2026-10-06 13:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QloApps through 1.7.0 Reflected XSS via Length of Stay Fields
Summary
QloApps through 1.7.0 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability in the back-office room type editor's length of stay fields. Attackers can induce authenticated administrators to submit crafted POST requests with malicious payloads in restriction_min_los and restriction_max_los parameters, executing arbitrary JavaScript in the victim's administrative session.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 14:24 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/pull/1899 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/commit/7ed467d… | patch |
| https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/blob/v1.7.0/ad… | technical-description |
| https://hackmd.io/@leediay/four-reflected-xss-qloapps | technical-description |
| https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/qloapps-thro… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-30 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-103590",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-01T14:24:42.160599Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T14:24:50.123Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/Qloapps/QloApps",
"product": "QloApps",
"programFiles": [
"admin/themes/default/template/controllers/products/lengthofstay.tpl"
],
"repo": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps",
"vendor": "Webkul",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.7.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:webkul:qloapps:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndIncluding": "1.7.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "leediay153 from Viettel Post"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "QloApps through 1.7.0 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability in the back-office room type editor\u0027s length of stay fields. Attackers can induce authenticated administrators to submit crafted POST requests with malicious payloads in restriction_min_los and restriction_max_los parameters, executing arbitrary JavaScript in the victim\u0027s administrative session."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 5.1,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"subIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW"
},
"format": "CVSS"
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.4,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-79",
"description": "Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T13:36:58.606Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "Pull Request #1899",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/pull/1899"
},
{
"name": "Patch Commit",
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/commit/7ed467d911086b190180d7f297e3b15ba31e82d5"
},
{
"tags": [
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/blob/v1.7.0/admin/themes/default/template/controllers/products/lengthofstay.tpl"
},
{
"tags": [
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@leediay/four-reflected-xss-qloapps"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps"
},
{
"name": "VulnCheck Advisory: QloApps through 1.7.0 Reflected XSS via Length of Stay Fields",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/qloapps-through-1.7.0-reflected-xss-via-length-of-stay-fields"
}
],
"title": "QloApps through 1.7.0 Reflected XSS via Length of Stay Fields",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-103590",
"datePublished": "2026-09-30T23:02:35.019Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-30T22:32:08.114Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T13:36:58.606Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-103589 (GCVE-0-2026-103589)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-30 23:02 – Updated: 2026-10-06 13:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QloApps through 1.7.0 Reflected XSS via Room Type Editor
Summary
QloApps through 1.7.0 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability in the back-office room type editor that fails to escape room_num, floor, and comment field values in input attributes. Attackers can induce authenticated back-office users to submit crafted POST requests with malicious payloads to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the victim's administrative session.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 18:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/pull/1899 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/commit/7ed467d… | patch |
| https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/blob/v1.7.0/ad… | technical-description |
| https://hackmd.io/@leediay/four-reflected-xss-qloapps | technical-description |
| https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/qloapps-thro… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-30 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-103589",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-01T18:57:33.060269Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T18:57:50.422Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@leediay/four-reflected-xss-qloapps"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/Qloapps/QloApps",
"product": "QloApps",
"programFiles": [
"admin/themes/default/template/controllers/products/configuration.tpl"
],
"repo": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps",
"vendor": "Webkul",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.7.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:webkul:qloapps:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndIncluding": "1.7.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "leediay153 from Viettel Post"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "QloApps through 1.7.0 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability in the back-office room type editor that fails to escape room_num, floor, and comment field values in input attributes. Attackers can induce authenticated back-office users to submit crafted POST requests with malicious payloads to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the victim\u0027s administrative session."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 5.1,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"subIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW"
},
"format": "CVSS"
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.4,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-79",
"description": "Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T13:36:57.861Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "Pull Request #1899",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/pull/1899"
},
{
"name": "Patch Commit",
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/commit/7ed467d911086b190180d7f297e3b15ba31e82d5"
},
{
"tags": [
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/blob/v1.7.0/admin/themes/default/template/controllers/products/configuration.tpl"
},
{
"tags": [
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@leediay/four-reflected-xss-qloapps"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps"
},
{
"name": "VulnCheck Advisory: QloApps through 1.7.0 Reflected XSS via Room Type Editor",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/qloapps-through-1.7.0-reflected-xss-via-room-type-editor"
}
],
"title": "QloApps through 1.7.0 Reflected XSS via Room Type Editor",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-103589",
"datePublished": "2026-09-30T23:02:34.299Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-30T22:32:07.731Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T13:36:57.861Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-103588 (GCVE-0-2026-103588)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-30 23:02 – Updated: 2026-10-06 13:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QloApps through 1.7.0 Reflected XSS via exceptions field
Summary
QloApps through 1.7.0 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability in the exceptions field of the back-office Transplant a module form. Attackers can craft a malicious link containing JavaScript payload in the exceptions parameter that executes in an authenticated administrator's session when the victim follows the link.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-05 23:48 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/pull/1899 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/commit/7ed467d… | patch |
| https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/blob/v1.7.0/co… | technical-description |
| https://hackmd.io/@leediay/four-reflected-xss-qloapps | technical-description |
| https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/qloapps-thro… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-30 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-103588",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-05T23:48:50.977754Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-05T23:49:14.834Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@leediay/four-reflected-xss-qloapps"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/Qloapps/QloApps",
"product": "QloApps",
"programFiles": [
"controllers/admin/AdminModulesPositionsController.php"
],
"repo": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps",
"vendor": "Webkul",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.7.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:webkul:qloapps:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndIncluding": "1.7.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "leediay153 from Viettel Post"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "QloApps through 1.7.0 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability in the exceptions field of the back-office Transplant a module form. Attackers can craft a malicious link containing JavaScript payload in the exceptions parameter that executes in an authenticated administrator\u0027s session when the victim follows the link."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 5.1,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"subIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW"
},
"format": "CVSS"
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.4,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-79",
"description": "Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T13:36:56.974Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "Pull Request #1899",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/pull/1899"
},
{
"name": "Patch Commit",
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/commit/7ed467d911086b190180d7f297e3b15ba31e82d5"
},
{
"tags": [
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/blob/v1.7.0/controllers/admin/AdminModulesPositionsController.php"
},
{
"tags": [
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@leediay/four-reflected-xss-qloapps"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps"
},
{
"name": "VulnCheck Advisory: QloApps through 1.7.0 Reflected XSS via exceptions field",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/qloapps-through-1.7.0-reflected-xss-via-exceptions-field"
}
],
"title": "QloApps through 1.7.0 Reflected XSS via exceptions field",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-103588",
"datePublished": "2026-09-30T23:02:33.566Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-30T22:32:07.355Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T13:36:56.974Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-103587 (GCVE-0-2026-103587)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-30 23:02 – Updated: 2026-10-06 13:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QloApps through 1.7.0 Reflected XSS via Book Now Search Parameters
Summary
QloApps through 1.7.0 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability in the back-office Hotel Reservation System Book Now search, where date_to and id_room_type parameters are copied into template variables without validation. Attackers can craft a malicious link containing JavaScript payload in these parameters that executes in an authenticated administrator's session when the victim follows the link.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-01 15:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/pull/1884 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/commit/1d06fd3… | patch |
| https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/blob/v1.7.0/mo… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/blob/v1.7.0/mo… | technical-description |
| https://hackmd.io/@leediay/reflected-xss-qloapps-… | technical-description |
| https://hackmd.io/@leediay/four-reflected-xss-qloapps | technical-description |
| https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/qloapps-thro… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-30 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-103587",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-01T15:39:58.785247Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T15:40:35.776Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@leediay/reflected-xss-qloapps-via-booking-now"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@leediay/four-reflected-xss-qloapps"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/Qloapps/QloApps",
"product": "QloApps",
"programFiles": [
"modules/hotelreservationsystem/controllers/admin/AdminHotelRoomsBookingController.php"
],
"repo": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps",
"vendor": "Webkul",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.7.0",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:webkul:qloapps:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndIncluding": "1.7.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "leediay153 from Viettel Post"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "QloApps through 1.7.0 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability in the back-office Hotel Reservation System Book Now search, where date_to and id_room_type parameters are copied into template variables without validation. Attackers can craft a malicious link containing JavaScript payload in these parameters that executes in an authenticated administrator\u0027s session when the victim follows the link."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 5.1,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"subIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW"
},
"format": "CVSS"
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.4,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-79",
"description": "Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T13:36:56.271Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "Pull Request #1884",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/pull/1884"
},
{
"name": "Patch Commit",
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/commit/1d06fd302a935d68203dbdb341d89482621769d7"
},
{
"tags": [
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/blob/v1.7.0/modules/hotelreservationsystem/controllers/admin/AdminHotelRoomsBookingController.php"
},
{
"tags": [
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps/blob/v1.7.0/modules/hotelreservationsystem/views/templates/admin/hotel_rooms_booking/helpers/view/_partials/booking-rooms.tpl"
},
{
"tags": [
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@leediay/reflected-xss-qloapps-via-booking-now"
},
{
"tags": [
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://hackmd.io/@leediay/four-reflected-xss-qloapps"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/Qloapps/QloApps"
},
{
"name": "VulnCheck Advisory: QloApps through 1.7.0 Reflected XSS via Book Now Search Parameters",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/qloapps-through-1.7.0-reflected-xss-via-book-now-search-parameters"
}
],
"title": "QloApps through 1.7.0 Reflected XSS via Book Now Search Parameters",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-103587",
"datePublished": "2026-09-30T23:02:32.852Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-30T22:31:58.851Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-06T13:36:56.271Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-103520 (GCVE-0-2026-103520)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-10 05:30 – Updated: 2026-10-11 16:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HivePress <= 1.7.31 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting via Listing Attribute Value in Administrator-configured HTML Format
Summary
The HivePress – Business Directory, Listings & Classified Ads Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the 'custom text attribute (user-defined field name)' parameter in all versions up to, and including, 1.7.31 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page. This is only exploitable when an administrator has configured a Text attribute whose display format places the %value% token inside an HTML attribute (e.g., title="%value%"), which is a documented HivePress pattern.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-11 12:16 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
Wordfence
CNA
References
7 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| hivepress | HivePress – Business Directory, Listings & Classified Ads Plugin |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.7.31
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-103520",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-11T12:16:24.030194Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-11T16:36:28.591Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "HivePress \u2013 Business Directory, Listings \u0026 Classified Ads Plugin",
"vendor": "hivepress",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.7.31",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "zickzick2"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The HivePress \u2013 Business Directory, Listings \u0026 Classified Ads Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the \u0027custom text attribute (user-defined field name)\u0027 parameter in all versions up to, and including, 1.7.31 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with subscriber-level access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page. This is only exploitable when an administrator has configured a Text attribute whose display format places the %value% token inside an HTML attribute (e.g., title=\"%value%\"), which is a documented HivePress pattern."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 6.4,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-79",
"description": "CWE-79 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-10T05:30:59.972Z",
"orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"shortName": "Wordfence"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/723322ab-2ad0-42e2-b518-0987d9203c49?source=cve"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/hivepress/tags/1.7.31/includes/fields/class-field.php#L561"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/hivepress/tags/1.7.31/includes/helpers.php#L382"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/hivepress/tags/1.7.31/includes/blocks/class-attributes.php#L219"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/hivepress/tags/1.7.31/includes/fields/class-text.php#L197"
},
{
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/hivepress/tags/1.7.31/includes/controllers/class-listing.php#L346"
},
{
"url": "https://github.com/hivepress/hivepress/releases/tag/1.7.32"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-01T17:37:25.000Z",
"value": "Vendor Notified"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-09T17:15:30.000Z",
"value": "Disclosed"
}
],
"title": "HivePress \u003c= 1.7.31 - Authenticated (Subscriber+) Stored Cross-Site Scripting via Listing Attribute Value in Administrator-configured HTML Format"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
"assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-103520",
"datePublished": "2026-10-10T05:30:59.972Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-30T19:01:59.662Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-11T16:36:28.591Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- Examples of libraries and frameworks that make it easier to generate properly encoded output include Microsoft's Anti-XSS library, the OWASP ESAPI Encoding module, and Apache Wicket.
Mitigation
Implementation
Architecture and Design
- Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
- For any data that will be output to another web page, especially any data that was received from external inputs, use the appropriate encoding on all non-alphanumeric characters.
- Parts of the same output document may require different encodings, which will vary depending on whether the output is in the:
- etc. Note that HTML Entity Encoding is only appropriate for the HTML body.
- Consult the XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet [REF-724] for more details on the types of encoding and escaping that are needed.
- HTML body
- Element attributes (such as src="XYZ")
- URIs
- JavaScript sections
- Cascading Style Sheets and style property
Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Parameterization
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Mitigation MIT-30.1
Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
- Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
- The problem of inconsistent output encodings often arises in web pages. If an encoding is not specified in an HTTP header, web browsers often guess about which encoding is being used. This can open up the browser to subtle XSS attacks.
Mitigation MIT-43
Implementation
With Struts, write all data from form beans with the bean's filter attribute set to true.
Mitigation MIT-31
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
To help mitigate XSS attacks against the user's session cookie, set the session cookie to be HttpOnly. In browsers that support the HttpOnly feature (such as more recent versions of Internet Explorer and Firefox), this attribute can prevent the user's session cookie from being accessible to malicious client-side scripts that use document.cookie. This is not a complete solution, since HttpOnly is not supported by all browsers. More importantly, XmlHttpRequest and other powerful browser technologies provide read access to HTTP headers, including the Set-Cookie header in which the HttpOnly flag is set.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When dynamically constructing web pages, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. All input should be validated and cleansed, not just parameters that the user is supposed to specify, but all data in the request, including hidden fields, cookies, headers, the URL itself, and so forth. A common mistake that leads to continuing XSS vulnerabilities is to validate only fields that are expected to be redisplayed by the site. It is common to see data from the request that is reflected by the application server or the application that the development team did not anticipate. Also, a field that is not currently reflected may be used by a future developer. Therefore, validating ALL parts of the HTTP request is recommended.
- Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing XSS, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent XSS, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, in a chat application, the heart emoticon ("<3") would likely pass the validation step, since it is commonly used. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the web page because it contains the "<" character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the "<" might reduce the risk of XSS, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the emoticon would not be recorded. This might seem to be a minor inconvenience, but it would be more important in a mathematical forum that wants to represent inequalities.
- Even if you make a mistake in your validation (such as forgetting one out of 100 input fields), appropriate encoding is still likely to protect you from injection-based attacks. As long as it is not done in isolation, input validation is still a useful technique, since it may significantly reduce your attack surface, allow you to detect some attacks, and provide other security benefits that proper encoding does not address.
- Ensure that you perform input validation at well-defined interfaces within the application. This will help protect the application even if a component is reused or moved elsewhere.
Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-209: XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch
An adversary creates a file with scripting content but where the specified MIME type of the file is such that scripting is not expected. The adversary tricks the victim into accessing a URL that responds with the script file. Some browsers will detect that the specified MIME type of the file does not match the actual type of its content and will automatically switch to using an interpreter for the real content type. If the browser does not invoke script filters before doing this, the adversary's script may run on the target unsanitized, possibly revealing the victim's cookies or executing arbitrary script in their browser.
CAPEC-588: DOM-Based XSS
This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is inserted into the client-side HTML being parsed by a web browser. Content served by a vulnerable web application includes script code used to manipulate the Document Object Model (DOM). This script code either does not properly validate input, or does not perform proper output encoding, thus creating an opportunity for an adversary to inject a malicious script launch a XSS attack. A key distinction between other XSS attacks and DOM-based attacks is that in other XSS attacks, the malicious script runs when the vulnerable web page is initially loaded, while a DOM-based attack executes sometime after the page loads. Another distinction of DOM-based attacks is that in some cases, the malicious script is never sent to the vulnerable web server at all. An attack like this is guaranteed to bypass any server-side filtering attempts to protect users.
CAPEC-591: Reflected XSS
This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is "reflected" off a vulnerable web application and then executed by a victim's browser. The process starts with an adversary delivering a malicious script to a victim and convincing the victim to send the script to the vulnerable web application.
CAPEC-592: Stored XSS
An adversary utilizes a form of Cross-site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is persistently "stored" within the data storage of a vulnerable web application as valid input.
CAPEC-63: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
An adversary embeds malicious scripts in content that will be served to web browsers. The goal of the attack is for the target software, the client-side browser, to execute the script with the users' privilege level. An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute code and scripts. Web browsers, for example, have some simple security controls in place, but if a remote attacker is allowed to execute scripts (through injecting them in to user-generated content like bulletin boards) then these controls may be bypassed. Further, these attacks are very difficult for an end user to detect.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.