Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-693

Discouraged

Protection Mechanism Failure

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.

511 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-112348 (GCVE-0-2026-112348)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-30 14:01 – Updated: 2026-11-04 22:30 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
Kirki WordPress Plugin < 6.2.5 reCAPTCHA Bypass via Missing Token
Summary
Kirki plugin for WordPress before 6.2.5 contains a reCAPTCHA bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to submit frontend forms without valid verification by omitting the g-recaptcha-token field from POST requests to the form submission endpoint. Attackers can exploit the verify() method's early return on empty token values to submit unlimited forms, triggering notification emails, webhooks, and unbounded writes to the submissions table without completing reCAPTCHA validation.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 22:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Themeum Kirki Affected: 0 , < 6.2.5 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-25 00:00
Credits
Choriyev Qahramon (ciprobe)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-112077 (GCVE-0-2026-112077)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 04:15 – Updated: 2026-10-22 02:34 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
radareorg radare2 HTTP Sandbox Policy rtr_http.inc.c r_core_cmd_str_pipe protection mechanism
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in radareorg radare2 6.2.0/6.2.2. This issue affects the function r_core_cmd_str_pipe in the library libr/core/rtr_http.inc.c of the component HTTP Sandbox Policy Handler. Performing a manipulation results in protection mechanism failure. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The attack is considered to have high complexity. The exploitability is assessed as difficult. Upgrading to version 6.2.4 is capable of addressing this issue. The patch is named 18fd12efa98a7d1977de7bdd379d8a848777b90f. Upgrading the affected component is recommended. The pre-requisite of the vulnerability is reflected by the CVSS vector. One of the project maintainers explains: "There is a real sandbox configuration issue here, but the report overstates it. The HTTP server defaults to http.sandbox=true, so commands received through /cmd temporarily enable cfg.sandbox. However, cfg.sandbox.grain defaults to all, which means all sandbox capabilities - including exec - remain allowed. Therefore enabling the HTTP sandbox alone does NOT prevent commands from spawning processes. This only matters when the HTTP command endpoint is reachable by someone you do not trust. It is not a remote vulnerability by default: the HTTP server must first be started and exposed to the attacker."
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X
5.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:O/RC:C
5.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-22 02:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
VulDB CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
radareorg radare2 Affected: 6.2.0
Affected: 6.2.2
Unaffected: 6.2.4
    cpe:2.3:a:radareorg:radare2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
lijunjie (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-110866 (GCVE-0-2026-110866)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 22:52 – Updated: 2026-10-20 02:27
VLAI
Title
Renovate before 44.61.3 minimumReleaseAge Bypass via PR Rebase Request
Summary
Renovate before 44.61.3 contains a protection mechanism bypass vulnerability that allows minimumReleaseAge checks to be skipped when a user requests a PR rebase via the rebase/retry checkbox. Attackers who publish a malicious dependency version can have it pushed into the PR and run in CI before the required release age elapses.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 02:27 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-29 00:00
Credits
mjnagel
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-110689 (GCVE-0-2026-110689)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 20:45 – Updated: 2026-10-20 02:14 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
OpenClaw ClawScan Static Scanner runner.go shouldSkipTargetPath protection mechanism
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in OpenClaw ClawScan up to 0.1.6. This impacts the function shouldSkipTargetPath of the file internal/runner/runner.go of the component Static Scanner. Performing a manipulation results in protection mechanism failure. Attacking locally is a requirement. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. Upgrading to version 0.1.7 will fix this issue. The patch is named 9f6a6fbb9f1137345566d0ab44c73893dfe112fa. The affected component should be upgraded.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 02:13 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
VulDB CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenClaw ClawScan Affected: 0.1.0
Affected: 0.1.1
Affected: 0.1.2
Affected: 0.1.3
Affected: 0.1.4
Affected: 0.1.5
Affected: 0.1.6
Unaffected: 0.1.7
    cpe:2.3:a:openclaw:clawscan:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
nedlir (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-110182 (GCVE-0-2026-110182)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 17:31 – Updated: 2026-11-05 16:51
VLAI
Title
PostgreSQL Anonymizer: anon.partial() and anon.partial_email() can reveal the whole data
Summary
PostgreSQL Anonymizer contains a vulnerability related to the anon.partial() and anon.partial_email() functions. These function can reveal the while data if the data is small enough. The issue is fixed in PostgreSQL Anonymizer 3.3.0 and later versions.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 16:51 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
DALIBO PostgreSQL Anonymizer Affected: 1 , < 3.3.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
The PostgreSQL Anonymizer project thanks user Ilya Staroverov for reporting this problem.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-110181 (GCVE-0-2026-110181)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 17:31 – Updated: 2026-11-05 16:52
VLAI
Title
PostgreSQL Anonymizer: Function declared with SQL-standard syntax leak anonymized data
Summary
PostgreSQL Anonymizer contains a vulnerability related to anonymization functions defined using SQL-standard function bodies. PostgreSQL analyses such functions at declaration time, while Anonymizer only attempts to check them at execution time. This problem can be exploited by any user with the TEMPORARY privilege. The issue is fixed in PostgreSQL Anonymizer 3.3.0 and later versions.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 16:51 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
DALIBO PostgreSQL Anonymizer Affected: 1 , < 3.3.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
The PostgreSQL Anonymizer project thanks user Ilya Staroverov for reporting this problem.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-109364 (GCVE-0-2026-109364)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 16:05 – Updated: 2026-10-13 16:53
VLAI
Title
Zebra 2.3.0 before 6.4.0 Peer Ban Bypass via Exact-IP Keying
Summary
Zebra 2.3.0 before 6.4.0 contains a protection mechanism failure that allows unauthenticated peers to evade bans because bans and misbehavior scores are keyed on exact IP addresses. Attackers can reconnect from fresh IPv6 addresses in their /64 allocation or flush the 20,000-entry FIFO ban list to restore access for banned peers.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 16:22 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ZcashFoundation zebra Affected: 2.3.0 , < 6.4.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.4.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:zfnd:zebra:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-09-28 00:00
Credits
conradoplg mpguerra
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-108588 (GCVE-0-2026-108588)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 20:58 – Updated: 2026-11-09 20:54
VLAI
Title
Multiple vulnerabilities that affects IBM Db2 Genius Hub
Summary
IBM Db2 Genius Hub 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.1.4, 1.1.5 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to bypass security restrictions due to a missing X-Content-Type-Options header allowing MIME type sniffing.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-09 20:54 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
ibm CNA
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7295187 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM Db2 Genius Hub Affected: 1.1.2
Affected: 1.1.3
Affected: 1.1.4
Affected: 1.1.5
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2_genius_hub:1.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2_genius_hub:1.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2_genius_hub:1.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:db2_genius_hub:1.1.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-107697 (GCVE-0-2026-107697)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-08 17:30 – Updated: 2026-10-14 16:05
VLAI
Title
FFmpeg before 8.1.3 HLS Demuxer Security Check Bypass via parse_playlist()
Summary
FFmpeg before 8.1.3 contains a protection mechanism failure in the HLS demuxer that allows attackers to bypass protocol and allowed_extensions restrictions when opening child playlists. Attackers can supply a crafted master playlist whose child playlists use disallowed protocols or non-multimedia local files, making parse_playlist() open resources the HLS security policy should block.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 14:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FFmpeg FFmpeg Affected: 0 , < 8.1.3 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ffmpeg:ffmpeg:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-09 00:00
Credits
BapToutatis
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-107226 (GCVE-0-2026-107226)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 18:34 – Updated: 2026-10-13 20:25
VLAI
Title
AsyncHttpClient: Cookies received over plaintext HTTP can plant, overwrite or delete Secure cookies set over HTTPS
Summary
The AsyncHttpClient (AHC) library allows Java applications to easily execute HTTP requests and asynchronously process HTTP responses. From 2.1.0 until 3.0.14, the default ThreadSafeCookieStore does not retain whether a Set-Cookie response used a secure transport. It accepts Secure cookies received over plaintext and permits insecure cookies to overlay or delete existing Secure cookies with matching scope. An attacker controlling a plaintext same-site response can consequently plant, replace, or remove cookie state later sent to an HTTPS origin, enabling session fixation, CSRF-token replacement, or loss of security-relevant state. This issue is fixed in version 3.0.14.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 20:13 UTC
CWE
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AsyncHttpClient async-http-client Affected: >= 2.1.0, <= 2.16.1
Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.14
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The AsyncHttpClient (AHC) library allows Java applications to easily execute HTTP requests and asynchronously process HTTP responses. From 2.1.0 until 3.0.14, the default ThreadSafeCookieStore does not retain whether a Set-Cookie response used a secure transport. It accepts Secure cookies received over plaintext and permits insecure cookies to overlay or delete existing Secure cookies with matching scope. An attacker controlling a plaintext same-site response can consequently plant, replace, or remove cookie state later sent to an HTTPS origin, enabling session fixation, CSRF-token replacement, or loss of security-relevant state. This issue is fixed in version 3.0.14."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 6.8,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-384",
              "description": "CWE-384: Session Fixation",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-693",
              "description": "CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-10-12T18:34:18.996Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/AsyncHttpClient/async-http-client/security/advisories/GHSA-p2jm-6hj6-9rjg",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/AsyncHttpClient/async-http-client/security/advisories/GHSA-p2jm-6hj6-9rjg"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/AsyncHttpClient/async-http-client/commit/6ec7ee45034d154f502852a962d2891746fb82c1",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/AsyncHttpClient/async-http-client/commit/6ec7ee45034d154f502852a962d2891746fb82c1"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/AsyncHttpClient/async-http-client/releases/tag/async-http-client-project-3.0.14",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/AsyncHttpClient/async-http-client/releases/tag/async-http-client-project-3.0.14"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-p2jm-6hj6-9rjg",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "AsyncHttpClient: Cookies received over plaintext HTTP can plant, overwrite or delete Secure cookies set over HTTPS"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-107226",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-12T18:34:18.996Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-07T14:34:14.816Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-13T20:25:00.134Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

CAPEC-107: Cross Site Tracing

Cross Site Tracing (XST) enables an adversary to steal the victim's session cookie and possibly other authentication credentials transmitted in the header of the HTTP request when the victim's browser communicates to a destination system's web server.

CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing

An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.

CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.

CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing

An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-237: Escaping a Sandbox by Calling Code in Another Language

The attacker may submit malicious code of another language to obtain access to privileges that were not intentionally exposed by the sandbox, thus escaping the sandbox. For instance, Java code cannot perform unsafe operations, such as modifying arbitrary memory locations, due to restrictions placed on it by the Byte code Verifier and the JVM. If allowed, Java code can call directly into native C code, which may perform unsafe operations, such as call system calls and modify arbitrary memory locations on their behalf. To provide isolation, Java does not grant untrusted code with unmediated access to native C code. Instead, the sandboxed code is typically allowed to call some subset of the pre-existing native code that is part of standard libraries.

CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality

An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.

CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content

An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.

CAPEC-480: Escaping Virtualization

An adversary gains access to an application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by escaping the confines of a virtualized environment. The adversary is then able to access resources or execute unauthorized code within the host environment, generally with the privileges of the user running the virtualized process. Successfully executing an attack of this type is often the first step in executing more complex attacks.

CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry

SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction

This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.

CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code

An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.

CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)

An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.

CAPEC-74: Manipulating State

The adversary modifies state information maintained by the target software or causes a state transition in hardware. If successful, the target will use this tainted state and execute in an unintended manner.

State management is an important function within a software application. User state maintained by the application can include usernames, payment information, browsing history as well as application-specific contents such as items in a shopping cart. Manipulating user state can be employed by an adversary to elevate privilege, conduct fraudulent transactions or otherwise modify the flow of the application to derive certain benefits.

If there is a hardware logic error in a finite state machine, the adversary can use this to put the system in an undefined state which could cause a denial of service or exposure of secure data.

CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing

An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.

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