Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-601

Allowed

URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.

1033 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2011-1594 (GCVE-0-2011-1594)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2014-02-05 18:00 – Updated: 2026-11-05 02:52
VLAI
Title
Spacewalk: spacewalk: open redirect vulnerability enables phishing attacks via url parameter
Summary
A flaw was found in Spacewalk, as used in Red Hat Network Satellite. This open redirect vulnerability allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites by manipulating a URL in the url_bounce parameter. This can enable attackers to conduct phishing attacks, potentially leading to unauthorized information disclosure or credential theft.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Assigner
redhat CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Red Hat Red Hat Network Satellite Server v 5.4 Unaffected: 0:1.2.2-7.el5sat , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:network_satellite:5.4::el5
    cpe:/a:redhat:network_satellite:5.4::el6
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Network Satellite Server v 5.4 Unaffected: 0:1.2.39-98.el5sat , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:network_satellite:5.4::el5
    cpe:/a:redhat:network_satellite:5.4::el6
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Network Satellite Server v 5.4 Unaffected: 0:1.2.7-20.el5sat , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:network_satellite:5.4::el5
    cpe:/a:redhat:network_satellite:5.4::el6
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6     cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:6
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7     cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:7
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2014-02-05 18:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2010-4266 (GCVE-0-2010-4266)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-06-22 13:38 – Updated: 2024-08-07 03:43
VLAI
Summary
It was found in vanilla forums before 2.0.10 a potential linkbait vulnerability in dispatcher.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
redhat CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a vanilla forums Affected: vanilla forums before 2.0.10
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2005-10001 (GCVE-0-2005-10001)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-03-28 20:45 – Updated: 2025-04-15 14:45 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Title
Netegrity SiteMinder Login smpwservicescgi.exe redirect
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Netegrity SiteMinder up to 4.5.1 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the file /siteminderagent/pwcgi/smpwservicescgi.exe of the component Login. The manipulation of the argument target leads to an open redirect. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-14 17:15 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/?id.1022 x_refsource_MISC
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Netegrity SiteMinder Affected: 4.5.0
Affected: 4.5.1
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Marc Ruef
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.

Mitigation MIT-21.2
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).

Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
  • Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing

An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.

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