CWE-362
Allowed-with-ReviewConcurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.
802 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-113707 (GCVE-0-2026-113707)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-20 23:30 – Updated: 2026-10-28 14:57 X_Open Source- CWE-362 - Race Condition
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/422869 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/422869/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-113707 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1015056 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/a2aproject/a2a-rs/pull/126 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/a2aproject/a2a-rs/commit/7050c… | patch |
| https://github.com/a2aproject/a2a-rs/ | product |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| a2aproject | a2a-rs |
Affected:
0.4.0
Affected: 0.4.1 Affected: 0.4.2 Affected: 0.4.3 Affected: 0.4.4 cpe:2.3:a:a2aproject:a2a-rs:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-111770 (GCVE-0-2026-111770)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-05 21:28 – Updated: 2026-11-05 21:44- CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/typescrip… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/typescrip… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/typescrip… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/typescrip… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/typescrip… | x_refsource_MISC |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| modelcontextprotocol | typescript-sdk |
Affected:
< 1.32.0
|
|
| @modelcontextprotocol | server |
Affected:
>= 2.0.0, < 2.3.0
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CVE-2026-111449 (GCVE-0-2026-111449)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-16 03:44 – Updated: 2026-10-16 12:31- CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/wheels-dev/wheels/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
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CVE-2026-111404 (GCVE-0-2026-111404)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-26 17:28 – Updated: 2026-10-26 17:57 X_Open Source- CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/… | vdb-entry |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| VillaTheme | Photo Reviews for WooCommerce |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.2.31
(custom)
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CVE-2026-109954 (GCVE-0-2026-109954)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 13:27 – Updated: 2026-10-13 16:43- CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/s… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/parse-server… | third-party-advisory |
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CVE-2026-109945 (GCVE-0-2026-109945)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 13:27 – Updated: 2026-10-13 13:54- CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
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CVE-2026-109407 (GCVE-0-2026-109407)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 13:00 – Updated: 2026-10-15 15:12- CWE-362 - Race Condition
| URL | Tags |
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| https://vuldb.com/vuln/416949 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/416949/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
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| https://github.com/macrozheng/mall/ | product |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
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| macrozheng | mall |
Affected:
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Affected: 1.0.1 Affected: 1.0.2 Affected: 1.0.3 cpe:2.3:a:macrozheng:mall:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-109279 (GCVE-0-2026-109279)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 16:04 – Updated: 2026-10-13 16:55- CWE-362 - Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
| URL | Tags |
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| https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/commit… | patch |
| https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick6/commi… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/imagemagick-… | third-party-advisory |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
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| ImageMagick | ImageMagick |
Affected:
7.0.0-0 , < 7.1.2-32
(custom)
Unaffected: 7.1.2-32 (custom) |
|
| ImageMagick | ImageMagick |
Affected:
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Unaffected: 6.9.13-57 (custom) |
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CVE-2026-108830 (GCVE-0-2026-108830)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 11:45 – Updated: 2026-10-13 18:49 X_Open Source- CWE-362 - Race Condition
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/416606 | vdb-entry |
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| https://github.com/meetecho/janus-gateway/ | product |
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| meetecho | janus-gateway |
Affected:
1.4.0
Affected: 1.4.1 Affected: 1.4.2 cpe:2.3:a:meetecho:janus-gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-107276 (GCVE-0-2026-107276)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 15:36 – Updated: 2026-10-07 20:28| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/ba95e67d5 | patch |
qwen3.8:27b
1 event
advisory
bcp-05-x-01bcp-05-x-02bcp-05-x-03
Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.
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- Generator
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qwen3.8:27b- Input
-
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/ba95e67d5.patch
810e97a648a3… - Confidence
- medium
| Commit | Subject | Patch SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|
ba95e67d545e
|
fix: [login] Let only one request spend an e-mailed OTP | 810e97a648a3… |
Fix summary
The fix makes OTP consumption atomic by moving the deletion of the OTP from the shared store into the validation condition itself. The return value of the delete operation (1 if the key was actually removed, 0 otherwise) is now part of the success check, so only the request that successfully removes the OTP from the store is permitted to proceed with login. A session-state cleanup call was also added to remove the OTP user reference from the session.
Patch summary
In UsersController::email_otp(), the $redis->del() call was moved from after the hash_equals comparison into the if-condition as an additional conjunct. The condition now requires $redis->del('misp:otp:' . $user_id) === 1, meaning only the request whose delete actually removed the key (returning 1) can proceed to Auth->login(). A $this->Session->delete('email_otp_user') call was added before the login step to clean up session state. Net change: 6 insertions, 3 deletions in one file.
CVSS rationale
AV:N: Exploitation occurs over the network via HTTP POST. AC:H: Exploiting the race condition requires precise timing of two concurrent requests so both read the OTP before either deletes it; this is non-trivial to achieve reliably. AT:N: No data corruption or manipulation is required. PR:N: The attacker does not need prior authentication to MISP; they only need possession of a valid OTP (e.g., intercepted email). UI:N: No victim interaction beyond the initial login flow is needed. VC:N: No direct confidentiality loss of system data. VI:L: The one-time-use property of the OTP is violated, allowing a second authenticated session. VA:N: No availability impact. SC/SI:L: Limited integrity impact on the authentication process; no cross-system impact. SA:N: No impact on security authority.
Weakness rationale
- CWE-362 The OTP stored in Redis is a shared resource accessed by concurrent HTTP requests. The original code performed read, compare, and delete as separate non-atomic operations, allowing two concurrent requests to both read and validate the same OTP before either deletes it. This is a textbook race condition on a shared resource.
- CWE-367 The check (reading and comparing the OTP) and the use (logging in) are separated in time, and the state (OTP presence in the store) can change between the two steps due to a concurrent request. This is a TOCTOU variant of the race condition.
Attack pattern rationale
- CAPEC-111 The attack pattern involves an adversary issuing two or more concurrent requests to exploit a non-atomic check-and-use sequence on a shared resource (the OTP in Redis). CAPEC-111 directly describes exploiting timing dependencies between sub-processes. This is the closest CAPEC to the observed vulnerability; no more specific CAPEC for OTP replay via race condition exists in the CAPEC catalog.
Assumptions to verify
- The exact affected version range is not explicitly stated in the patch; the tag boundary v2.5.48 with 39 commits after the fix suggests the fix landed shortly after that tag, but the precise first-fixed version is unconfirmed.
- The CAPEC-111 mapping is the closest available; no CAPEC specifically covers OTP replay via race condition, so this is the best-fit pattern.
- CVSS AC:H assumes the race window is narrow and requires precise timing; if the Redis round-trip latency is large, exploitation may be easier, but no evidence supports lowering AC.
- The commit message states the issue was 'found during the internal review, not externally reported,' but no specific individual is named as finder, so no finder credit is assigned.
- PR:N assumes the attacker obtains the OTP through out-of-band means (email interception); if MISP requires prior authentication to request an OTP, PR could be L.
Model comparison
Selected qwen3.8:27b
by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.
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- 2026-09-23 14:26 UTC Fix developed Corrective change authored (ba95e67d545efa313435ae39dd481879d72e72e6): fix: [login] Let only one request spend an e-mailed OTP https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/ba95e67d5.patch
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"The CAPEC-111 mapping is the closest available; no CAPEC specifically covers OTP replay via race condition, so this is the best-fit pattern.",
"CVSS AC:H assumes the race window is narrow and requires precise timing; if the Redis round-trip latency is large, exploitation may be easier, but no evidence supports lowering AC.",
"The commit message states the issue was \u0027found during the internal review, not externally reported,\u0027 but no specific individual is named as finder, so no finder credit is assigned.",
"PR:N assumes the attacker obtains the OTP through out-of-band means (email interception); if MISP requires prior authentication to request an OTP, PR could be L."
],
"capecRationale": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-111",
"rationale": "The attack pattern involves an adversary issuing two or more concurrent requests to exploit a non-atomic check-and-use sequence on a shared resource (the OTP in Redis). CAPEC-111 directly describes exploiting timing dependencies between sub-processes. This is the closest CAPEC to the observed vulnerability; no more specific CAPEC for OTP replay via race condition exists in the CAPEC catalog."
}
],
"commit": "ba95e67d545efa313435ae39dd481879d72e72e6",
"confidence": "medium",
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "iglocska"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "remediation developer",
"value": "Claude Opus 5.5 (1M context)"
}
],
"cvssRationale": "AV:N: Exploitation occurs over the network via HTTP POST. AC:H: Exploiting the race condition requires precise timing of two concurrent requests so both read the OTP before either deletes it; this is non-trivial to achieve reliably. AT:N: No data corruption or manipulation is required. PR:N: The attacker does not need prior authentication to MISP; they only need possession of a valid OTP (e.g., intercepted email). UI:N: No victim interaction beyond the initial login flow is needed. VC:N: No direct confidentiality loss of system data. VI:L: The one-time-use property of the OTP is violated, allowing a second authenticated session. VA:N: No availability impact. SC/SI:L: Limited integrity impact on the authentication process; no cross-system impact. SA:N: No impact on security authority.",
"fixSummary": "The fix makes OTP consumption atomic by moving the deletion of the OTP from the shared store into the validation condition itself. The return value of the delete operation (1 if the key was actually removed, 0 otherwise) is now part of the success check, so only the request that successfully removes the OTP from the store is permitted to proceed with login. A session-state cleanup call was also added to remove the OTP user reference from the session.",
"generatedAt": "2026-10-07T15:34:47.392474Z",
"generator": "patch2vuln.py",
"model": "qwen3.8:27b",
"modelComparison": {
"rankings": [
{
"agreementScore": 11,
"assumptionCount": 5,
"confidence": "medium",
"model": "qwen3.8:27b",
"score": 7
}
],
"selectedModel": "qwen3.8:27b",
"selectionMethod": "deterministic-consensus-v1",
"selectionNotice": "The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required."
},
"patchSha256": "810e97a648a36f87d684f509c51c93636711a31daeab31c5bccbc9466249a7e0",
"patchSummary": "In UsersController::email_otp(), the $redis-\u003edel() call was moved from after the hash_equals comparison into the if-condition as an additional conjunct. The condition now requires $redis-\u003edel(\u0027misp:otp:\u0027 . $user_id) === 1, meaning only the request whose delete actually removed the key (returning 1) can proceed to Auth-\u003elogin(). A $this-\u003eSession-\u003edelete(\u0027email_otp_user\u0027) call was added before the login step to clean up session state. Net change: 6 insertions, 3 deletions in one file.",
"patchTruncated": false,
"patches": [
{
"commit": "ba95e67d545efa313435ae39dd481879d72e72e6",
"date": "Wed, 23 Sep 2026 16:26:22 +0200",
"patchSha256": "810e97a648a36f87d684f509c51c93636711a31daeab31c5bccbc9466249a7e0",
"source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/ba95e67d5.patch",
"sourceUrl": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/ba95e67d5.patch",
"subject": "fix: [login] Let only one request spend an e-mailed OTP"
}
],
"source": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/ba95e67d5.patch",
"ssvc": {
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "Supplier",
"timestamp": "2026-10-07T15:34:47Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"subject": "fix: [login] Let only one request spend an e-mailed OTP",
"tagVersionBoundary": {
"commits_after_fix": 39,
"repository": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP",
"tag": "v2.5.48",
"version": "2.5.48",
"version_type": "semver"
},
"weaknessRationale": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-362",
"rationale": "The OTP stored in Redis is a shared resource accessed by concurrent HTTP requests. The original code performed read, compare, and delete as separate non-atomic operations, allowing two concurrent requests to both read and validate the same OTP before either deletes it. This is a textbook race condition on a shared resource."
},
{
"cweId": "CWE-367",
"rationale": "The check (reading and comparing the OTP) and the use (logging in) are separated in time, and the state (OTP presence in the store) can change between the two steps due to a concurrent request. This is a TOCTOU variant of the race condition."
}
]
}
},
"bcp-05-x-03": {
"x_timeline": {
"events": [
{
"description": "Corrective change authored (ba95e67d545efa313435ae39dd481879d72e72e6): fix: [login] Let only one request spend an e-mailed OTP",
"id": "evt-fix-developed-1",
"references": [
"https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/ba95e67d5.patch"
],
"timestamp": "2026-09-23T14:26:22Z",
"type": "fix-developed"
}
]
}
}
},
"recordType": "advisory",
"vulnId": "GCVE-1-2026-20315"
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "5a6e4751-2f3f-4070-9419-94fb35b644e8",
"assignerShortName": "CIRCL",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-107276",
"datePublished": "2026-10-07T15:36:49.564Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-07T15:36:46.122Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-07T20:28:21.466Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
In languages that support it, use synchronization primitives. Only wrap these around critical code to minimize the impact on performance.
Mitigation
Use thread-safe capabilities such as the data access abstraction in Spring.
Mitigation
- Minimize the usage of shared resources in order to remove as much complexity as possible from the control flow and to reduce the likelihood of unexpected conditions occurring.
- Additionally, this will minimize the amount of synchronization necessary and may even help to reduce the likelihood of a denial of service where an attacker may be able to repeatedly trigger a critical section (CWE-400).
Mitigation
When using multithreading and operating on shared variables, only use thread-safe functions.
Mitigation
Use atomic operations on shared variables. Be wary of innocent-looking constructs such as "x++". This may appear atomic at the code layer, but it is actually non-atomic at the instruction layer, since it involves a read, followed by a computation, followed by a write.
Mitigation
Use a mutex if available, but be sure to avoid related weaknesses such as CWE-412.
Mitigation
Avoid double-checked locking (CWE-609) and other implementation errors that arise when trying to avoid the overhead of synchronization.
Mitigation
Disable interrupts or signals over critical parts of the code, but also make sure that the code does not go into a large or infinite loop.
Mitigation
Use the volatile type modifier for critical variables to avoid unexpected compiler optimization or reordering. This does not necessarily solve the synchronization problem, but it can help.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions
The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.