CWE-347

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                "id": "CVE-2026-91187",
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        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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          "cpes": [
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          "packageName": "nimble_zta",
          "packageURL": "pkg:hex/nimble_zta",
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            "lib/nimble_zta/cloudflare.ex"
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              "name": "\u0027Elixir.NimbleZTA.Cloudflare\u0027:authenticate/3"
            },
            {
              "name": "\u0027Elixir.NimbleZTA.Cloudflare\u0027:verify_token/2"
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          "type": "remediation developer",
          "value": "Jos\u00e9 Valim / Dashbit"
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eImproper Verification of Cryptographic Signature vulnerability in dashbit nimble_zta allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to authenticate as an arbitrary Cloudflare service token. Applications using the Cloudflare Zero Trust authentication strategy are affected.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003everify_token/2\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003elib/nimble_zta/cloudflare.ex\u003c/code\u003e matches the result of \u003ccode\u003eJOSE.JWT.verify/2\u003c/code\u003e against \u003ccode\u003e{_, token, _s}\u003c/code\u003e, which discards the boolean verification result and returns the decoded token after a failed signature check. The attacker sends a forged JWT in the \u003ccode\u003ecf-access-jwt-assertion\u003c/code\u003e header, carrying the expected \u003ccode\u003eiss\u003c/code\u003e claim and the seven service token claims. \u003ccode\u003everify_iss/2\u003c/code\u003e reads the \u003ccode\u003eiss\u003c/code\u003e claim from the forged token, so it rejects nothing, and the service token path then returns those claims as the authenticated identity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects nimble_zta: from 0.1.2 before 0.1.3.\u003c/p\u003e"
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              "value": "Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature vulnerability in dashbit nimble_zta allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to authenticate as an arbitrary Cloudflare service token. Applications using the Cloudflare Zero Trust authentication strategy are affected.\n\n`verify_token/2` in `lib/nimble_zta/cloudflare.ex` matches the result of `JOSE.JWT.verify/2` against `{_, token, _s}`, which discards the boolean verification result and returns the decoded token after a failed signature check. The attacker sends a forged JWT in the `cf-access-jwt-assertion` header, carrying the expected `iss` claim and the seven service token claims. `verify_iss/2` reads the `iss` claim from the forged token, so it rejects nothing, and the service token path then returns those claims as the authenticated identity.\n\nThis issue affects nimble_zta: from 0.1.2 before 0.1.3."
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          "value": "Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature vulnerability in dashbit nimble_zta allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to authenticate as an arbitrary Cloudflare service token. Applications using the Cloudflare Zero Trust authentication strategy are affected.\n\nverify_token/2 in lib/nimble_zta/cloudflare.ex matches the result of JOSE.JWT.verify/2 against {_, token, _s}, which discards the boolean verification result and returns the decoded token after a failed signature check. The attacker sends a forged JWT in the cf-access-jwt-assertion header, carrying the expected iss claim and the seven service token claims. verify_iss/2 reads the iss claim from the forged token, so it rejects nothing, and the service token path then returns those claims as the authenticated identity.\n\nThis issue affects nimble_zta: from 0.1.2 before 0.1.3."
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                  "value": "\u003cp\u003eThe attacker authenticates as an arbitrary Cloudflare service token without holding the Cloudflare signing key. The application receives the \u003ccode\u003eclient_id\u003c/code\u003e and the claims of the forged token as the authenticated identity, so the attacker gets the access that the application grants to that service token.\u003c/p\u003e"
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                  "value": "The attacker authenticates as an arbitrary Cloudflare service token without holding the Cloudflare signing key. The application receives the `client_id` and the claims of the forged token as the authenticated identity, so the attacker gets the access that the application grants to that service token."
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              "value": "The attacker authenticates as an arbitrary Cloudflare service token without holding the Cloudflare signing key. The application receives the client_id and the claims of the forged token as the authenticated identity, so the attacker gets the access that the application grants to that service token."
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      "title": "Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature in dashbit nimble_zta Cloudflare strategy",
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              "value": "\u003cp\u003eDisable the Cloudflare authentication strategy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo keep the user identity strategy available, reject the service token requests yourself. Examine each request before you call \u003ccode\u003eNimbleZTA.Cloudflare.authenticate/3\u003c/code\u003e, and reject it if its JWT carries the \u003ccode\u003ecommon_name\u003c/code\u003e claim and the \u003ccode\u003etype\u003c/code\u003e claim.\u003c/p\u003e"
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              "value": "Disable the Cloudflare authentication strategy.\n\nTo keep the user identity strategy available, reject the service token requests yourself. Examine each request before you call `NimbleZTA.Cloudflare.authenticate/3`, and reject it if its JWT carries the `common_name` claim and the `type` claim."
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              "value": "\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBuild a JWT payload that carries the \u003ccode\u003eaud\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003ecommon_name\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eexp\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eiat\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eiss\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003esub\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003etype\u003c/code\u003e claims. Use the \u003ccode\u003eiss\u003c/code\u003e the application expects, set \u003ccode\u003eexp\u003c/code\u003e to a future timestamp, and set \u003ccode\u003ecommon_name\u003c/code\u003e to the service token to impersonate.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppend any signature segment. The segment must be present, because \u003ccode\u003eJOSE.JWT.verify/2\u003c/code\u003e needs three segments to parse the token. The signature does not need to verify against the Cloudflare keys.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSend a request to the application with the forged JWT in the \u003ccode\u003ecf-access-jwt-assertion\u003c/code\u003e header.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eNimbleZTA.Cloudflare.authenticate/3\u003c/code\u003e returns the claims of the forged token as the authenticated identity, with the \u003ccode\u003estrategy\u003c/code\u003e field set to \u003ccode\u003eservice_token\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"
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              "value": "1. Build a JWT payload that carries the `aud`, `common_name`, `exp`, `iat`, `iss`, `sub` and `type` claims. Use the `iss` the application expects, set `exp` to a future timestamp, and set `common_name` to the service token to impersonate.\n2. Append any signature segment. The segment must be present, because `JOSE.JWT.verify/2` needs three segments to parse the token. The signature does not need to verify against the Cloudflare keys.\n3. Send a request to the application with the forged JWT in the `cf-access-jwt-assertion` header.\n4. `NimbleZTA.Cloudflare.authenticate/3` returns the claims of the forged token as the authenticated identity, with the `strategy` field set to `service_token`."
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          "value": "* Build a JWT payload that carries the aud, common_name, exp, iat, iss, sub and type claims. Use the iss the application expects, set exp to a future timestamp, and set common_name to the service token to impersonate.\n* Append any signature segment. The segment must be present, because JOSE.JWT.verify/2 needs three segments to parse the token. The signature does not need to verify against the Cloudflare keys.\n* Send a request to the application with the forged JWT in the cf-access-jwt-assertion header.\n* NimbleZTA.Cloudflare.authenticate/3 returns the claims of the forged token as the authenticated identity, with the strategy field set to service_token."
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