Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-302

Allowed

Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The authentication scheme or implementation uses key data elements that are assumed to be immutable, but can be controlled or modified by the attacker.

46 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2022-3875 (GCVE-0-2022-3875)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-12-19 00:00 – Updated: 2025-04-14 15:54
VLAI
Title
Click Studios Passwordstate API authentication bypass by assumed-immutable data
Summary
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Click Studios Passwordstate and Passwordstate Browser Extension Chrome. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component API. The manipulation leads to authentication bypass by assumed-immutable data. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-216244.
Severity
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-14 15:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-302 - Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data
Assigner
VulDB CNA
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-2503 (GCVE-0-2022-2503)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-08-12 00:00 – Updated: 2026-10-14 13:07
VLAI
Title
Linux Kernel LoadPin bypass via dm-verity table reload
Summary
Dm-verity is used for extending root-of-trust to root filesystems. LoadPin builds on this property to restrict module/firmware loads to just the trusted root filesystem. Device-mapper table reloads currently allow users with root privileges to switch out the target with an equivalent dm-linear target and bypass verification till reboot. This allows root to bypass LoadPin and can be used to load untrusted and unverified kernel modules and firmware, which implies arbitrary kernel execution and persistence for peripherals that do not verify firmware updates. We recommend upgrading past commit 4caae58406f8ceb741603eee460d79bacca9b1b5
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-21 13:39 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-302 - Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data
Assigner
Google CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Kernel Linux Kernel Affected: unspecified , < 4caae58406f8ceb741603eee460d79bacca9b1b5 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 TM MFP - GNU/Linux subsystem Affected: 0 , < V1.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-1561 (GCVE-0-2021-1561)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-08-18 19:40 – Updated: 2024-11-07 22:04
VLAI
Title
Cisco Secure Email and Web Manager Spam Quarantine Unauthorized Access Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the spam quarantine feature of Cisco Secure Email and Web Manager, formerly Cisco Security Management Appliance (SMA), could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to gain unauthorized access and modify the spam quarantine settings of another user. This vulnerability exists because access to the spam quarantine feature is not properly restricted. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending malicious requests to an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to modify another user's spam quarantine settings, possibly disabling security controls or viewing email messages stored on the spam quarantine interfaces.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-07 21:41 UTC
CWE
Assigner
cisco CNA
References
URL Tags
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO
Impacted products
Date Public
2021-08-18 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-1399 (GCVE-0-2021-1399)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-04-08 04:05 – Updated: 2024-11-08 23:28
VLAI
Title
Cisco Unified Communications Manager Self Care Portal Authorization Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the Self Care Portal of Cisco Unified Communications Manager (Unified CM) and Cisco Unified Communications Manager Session Management Edition (Unified CM SME) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to modify data on an affected system without proper authorization. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied data to the Self Care Portal. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to modify information without proper authorization.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-11-08 20:46 UTC
CWE
Assigner
cisco CNA
References
URL Tags
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO
Impacted products
Date Public
2021-04-07 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2020-15074 (GCVE-0-2020-15074)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-07-14 17:27 – Updated: 2024-08-04 13:08
VLAI
Summary
OpenVPN Access Server older than version 2.8.4 and version 2.9.5 generates new user authentication tokens instead of reusing exiting tokens on reconnect making it possible to circumvent the initial token expiry timestamp.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-302 - Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data
Assigner
OpenVPN CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a OpenVPN Access Server Affected: 2.8.3 and prior versions in addition to 2.9.5
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2016-9482 (GCVE-0-2016-9482)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2018-07-13 20:00 – Updated: 2024-08-06 02:50
VLAI
Title
PHP FormMail Generator generates PHP code for standard web forms, and the code generated is vulnerable to authentication bypass
Summary
Code generated by PHP FormMail Generator may allow a remote unauthenticated user to bypass authentication in the to access the administrator panel by navigating directly to /admin.php?mod=admin&func=panel
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
certcc CNA
References
URL Tags
https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/494015 third-party-advisoryx_refsource_CERT-VN
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94778 vdb-entryx_refsource_BID
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
PHP FormMail Generator Affected: 2016-12-06 , < 2016-12-06 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2016-12-08 00:00
Credits
Thanks to Pouya Darabi for reporting this vulnerability.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design Operation Implementation

Implement proper protection for immutable data (e.g. environment variable, hidden form fields, etc.)

CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables

This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.

CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values

The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers

An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.

CAPEC-274: HTTP Verb Tampering

An attacker modifies the HTTP Verb (e.g. GET, PUT, TRACE, etc.) in order to bypass access restrictions. Some web environments allow administrators to restrict access based on the HTTP Verb used with requests. However, attackers can often provide a different HTTP Verb, or even provide a random string as a verb in order to bypass these protections. This allows the attacker to access data that should otherwise be protected.

CAPEC-31: Accessing/Intercepting/Modifying HTTP Cookies

This attack relies on the use of HTTP Cookies to store credentials, state information and other critical data on client systems. There are several different forms of this attack. The first form of this attack involves accessing HTTP Cookies to mine for potentially sensitive data contained therein. The second form involves intercepting this data as it is transmitted from client to server. This intercepted information is then used by the adversary to impersonate the remote user/session. The third form is when the cookie's content is modified by the adversary before it is sent back to the server. Here the adversary seeks to convince the target server to operate on this falsified information.

CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens

In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.

CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links

This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.

CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables

This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

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