Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

2085 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-85056 (GCVE-0-2026-85056)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-24 17:34 – Updated: 2026-09-28 14:56
VLAI
Title
ZITADEL: MFA bypass via session reuse in Login V2
Summary
ZITADEL is an open source identity management platform. From 4.0.0 until 4.16.1, ZITADEL Login V2 creates a browser session after password verification and can reuse that session for a later authentication request without verifying a user's enrolled TOTP, OTP, or U2F second factor. When the MFA step is abandoned and login starts again, session-validity checks require MFA only when the organization enables Force MFA or Force MFA for local users only, so a voluntarily enrolled factor can be skipped while completing an OIDC or SAML callback for a customer application. Login V1, the ZITADEL Console, Management and Admin APIs, and user self-management are not affected. This issue is fixed in version 4.16.1.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-28 14:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
zitadel zitadel Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.16.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-84840 (GCVE-0-2026-84840)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-02 18:30 – Updated: 2026-09-02 19:04
VLAI
Title
tsi-coop tsi-dpdp-cms Bootstrap Setup Endpoint InterceptingFilter.java missing authentication
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in tsi-coop tsi-dpdp-cms up to 0.5.0. This affects an unknown part of the file InterceptingFilter.java of the component Bootstrap Setup Endpoint. The manipulation leads to missing authentication. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. Upgrading to version 0.5.1 is able to mitigate this issue. Upgrading the affected component is recommended.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-02 19:02 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
tsi-coop tsi-dpdp-cms Affected: 0.1
Affected: 0.2
Affected: 0.3
Affected: 0.4
Affected: 0.5.0
Unaffected: 0.5.1
    cpe:2.3:a:tsi-coop:tsi-dpdp-cms:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Mahendravarman (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-84839 (GCVE-0-2026-84839)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-02 18:15 – Updated: 2026-09-03 15:03
VLAI
Title
tsi-coop tsi-dpdp-cms Admin Console/DPO Compliance Console web.xml missing authentication
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in tsi-coop tsi-dpdp-cms up to 0.5.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file web.xml of the component Admin Console/DPO Compliance Console. Executing a manipulation can lead to missing authentication. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. Upgrading to version 0.5.1 can resolve this issue. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-03 15:03 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
tsi-coop tsi-dpdp-cms Affected: 0.1
Affected: 0.2
Affected: 0.3
Affected: 0.4
Affected: 0.5.0
Unaffected: 0.5.1
    cpe:2.3:a:tsi-coop:tsi-dpdp-cms:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Mahendravarman (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-84831 (GCVE-0-2026-84831)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-03 08:43 – Updated: 2026-10-08 11:15
VLAI
Title
Mandatory MFA bypass before enrollment
Summary
SEPPmail Secure Email Gateway before 15.0.7 creates a fully privileged session before required multi-factor authentication enrollment is completed. An attacker with the password for an MFA-required but unenrolled account can access protected functionality without providing a second factor.
Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-03 12:34 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-306 - Missing authentication for critical function
Assigner
NCSC.ch CNA
References
Impacted products
Credits
Oualid Lkhaouni (Emposo GmbH)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-84458 (GCVE-0-2026-84458)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-25 18:15 – Updated: 2026-09-25 19:05
VLAI
Title
Zammad: Account takeover via unverified email matching during SSO auto-link
Summary
Zammad is a web based open source helpdesk/customer support system. Prior to 7.1.2, when the "Automatic account link on initial logon" setting is enabled, Zammad binds an incoming third-party (SSO) identity to an existing local account by matching the email address the identity provider reports, without verifying that the provider actually confirmed ownership of that email. An attacker who controls any identity at a configured provider, including, by default, any Azure AD tenant via Zammad's multi-tenant Microsoft 365 /common app registration, can set that identity's email to a victim's address, authenticate, and be logged in as the victim. This bypasses the victim's local password entirely and affects any existing account, including agents and administrators. Zammad will honor the xms_edov ID token claim when email verification is required in the Microsoft 365 setting, treating a missing claim as unverified. This issue is fixed in version 7.1.2.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-25 19:04 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
zammad zammad Affected: < 7.1.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-84423 (GCVE-0-2026-84423)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 22:45 – Updated: 2026-09-03 15:40
VLAI
Title
Casdoor upload-resource API resource.go missing authentication
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in Casdoor up to 4.0.0. This affects an unknown function of the file controllers/resource.go of the component upload-resource API. Such manipulation leads to missing authentication. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor deleted the GitHub issue for this vulnerability without any explanation. Afterwards the vendor was contacted early about this disclosure via email but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-03 15:40 UTC
CWE
Assigner
VulDB CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Casdoor Affected: 4.0
    cpe:2.3:a:casdoor:casdoor:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Credits
geochen (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-84313 (GCVE-0-2026-84313)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 20:51 – Updated: 2026-10-15 13:48
VLAI
Title
Nginx UI: TOTP / passkey enrolment requires no re-authentication, enabling persistent account takeover
Summary
Nginx UI is a web user interface for the Nginx web server. Prior to 2.4.1, POST /api/otp_enroll and POST /api/finish_passkey_register are registered outside RequireSecureSession and accept a normal authenticated session without verifying the current password. An attacker with a stolen JWT can bind an attacker-controlled TOTP secret when the victim has not already enabled TOTP, or can register an attacker-controlled passkey because that path has no equivalent existing-enrollment guard. These changes create persistent account access that can survive a password change and interfere with the legitimate user's authentication. This issue is fixed in version 2.4.1.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-15 13:48 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
0xJacky nginx-ui Affected: < 2.4.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-84312 (GCVE-0-2026-84312)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-12 21:16 – Updated: 2026-10-14 11:36
VLAI
Title
Nginx UI: Casdoor SSO callback uses a constant `state` parameter (login CSRF)
Summary
Nginx UI is a web user interface for the Nginx web server. Prior to 2.4.1, GetCasdoorUri uses the configured Casdoor application name as a constant OAuth state value and CasdoorCallback does not compare the submitted state with a value bound to the initiating browser session. An unauthenticated attacker can cause a victim's browser to complete an attacker-controlled Casdoor authorization flow, and the callback can mint a Nginx UI session for the identity returned by that authorization code. This issue is fixed in version 2.4.1.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-14 11:34 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-352 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
0xJacky nginx-ui Affected: < 2.4.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-84296 (GCVE-0-2026-84296)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 15:46 – Updated: 2026-10-30 17:18
VLAI
Title
SSH Multi-Factor Authentication Bypass in Progress WS_FTP Server
Summary
Multi-Factor Authentication Bypass vulnerability in SSH component in Progress Software WS_FTP Server versions prior to 2024.0.6, and 2025.0.3 on Windows allows authenticated users to bypass MFA requirements through improper association of authentication factors between accounts.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 03:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-303 - Incorrect Implementation of Authentication Algorithm
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Progress Software WS_FTP Server Affected: 0 , < 2024.0.6 (custom)
Affected: 0 , < 2025.0.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Tanishq Shah (tanishqshah)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-84295 (GCVE-0-2026-84295)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 15:45 – Updated: 2026-10-30 17:18
VLAI
Title
Improper Authentication in Progress WS_FTP Server
Summary
Improper authentication in Progress Software WS_FTP Server versions prior to 2024.0.6 and 2025.0.3 on Windows could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to access sensitive information, including administrative credentials.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 03:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-522 - Insufficiently Protected Credentials
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Progress Software WS_FTP Server Affected: 0 , < 2024.0.6 (custom)
Affected: 0 , < 2025.0.3 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Luu Tien Thanh (thalu93)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.

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