Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
2085 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-97063 (GCVE-0-2026-97063)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-25 18:12 – Updated: 2026-09-25 18:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
X-SpringBoot through 6.0 Authentication Bypass via Login Code
Summary
X-SpringBoot through 6.0 returns login verification codes in HTTP responses from unauthenticated endpoints GET /sys/mobile/code and GET /sys/email/code without sending them to account owners. Attackers can request codes using known mobile numbers or email addresses, read them from responses, and authenticate as victims via POST /sys/emailOrMobileLogin/login to hijack accounts.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-25 18:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
VulnCheck
CNA
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/LinYuanyi1/cve-request-poc/blo… | exploit |
| https://github.com/yzcheng90/X-SpringBoot/blob/d7… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/yzcheng90/X-SpringBoot | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/x-springboot… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| yzcheng90 | X-SpringBoot |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 6.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-09-09 00:00
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CVE-2026-96456 (GCVE-0-2026-96456)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 10:03 – Updated: 2026-09-23 13:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Reachy Mini Bluetooth PIN authentication can be bypassed by racing an authenticated device
Summary
The Reachy Mini Bluetooth service asks a connecting device for a PIN before it will accept commands. The check protects the session but not the caller, so an attacker in Bluetooth range can ride along on someone else's successful authentication.
The authenticated state is kept in a single shared flag on the service instance rather than per device. BlueZ passes the calling device's identity to the characteristic write handler in the options argument, but WriteValue(self, value, options) in src/reachy_mini/daemon/app/services/bluetooth/bluetooth_service.py ignores options entirely. The handler therefore has no idea which device sent a given write, and it cannot tell the authenticated one from any other.
Once any device completes the PIN exchange, the flag is set and every nearby device can send CMD_ commands until it resets. An attacker simply waits within radio range for a legitimate user to authenticate, then writes commands into the same window. No PIN is ever guessed or brute-forced.
This is the second step of a three-step chain that JFrog documented against the robot. The first is the unrestricted file upload in the media sounds API, tracked as CVE-2026-55419, which places an attacker-controlled script on the filesystem. This issue then provides command access over Bluetooth. The third is the Bluetooth command handler path traversal, tracked as CVE-2026-62661, which runs that script as root.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 13:56 UTC
CWE
Assigner
JFROG
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pollen-robotics/reachy_mini/se… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/pollen-robotics/reachy_mini | product |
| https://github.com/pollen-robotics/reachy_mini/bl… | product |
| https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-62661 | related |
| https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-55419 | related |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pollen Robotics | Reachy Mini |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.11.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-96447 (GCVE-0-2026-96447)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-06 06:02 – Updated: 2026-11-06 17:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Keycloak-services: keycloak-services: stateless token preferred_username fallback enables identity rebinding
Summary
A flaw was found in the TokenManager component of Keycloak, an open-source identity and access management solution. The issue occurs during the validation of stateless access tokens when the original user ID no longer exists. Keycloak incorrectly falls back to using the username to identify the user without verifying if the identity matches the original token subject. This could allow an attacker with an old token to gain access to a newly created service account if it shares the same client ID as a previously deleted one.
Severity
4.2 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-06 17:35 UTC
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
redhat
CNA
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:95761 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:95762 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-96447 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2539288 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.6 |
Unaffected:
26.6.8-2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.6 |
Unaffected:
26.6-24 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.6::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.6.8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.6::el9
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7
|
Date Public
2026-11-05 00:00
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CVE-2026-96445 (GCVE-0-2026-96445)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 11:12 – Updated: 2026-11-06 10:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Keycloak-services: keycloak-services: conditional otp skip-header policy evaluated against untrusted proxy headers
Summary
A flaw was found in the Conditional OTP authenticator of Keycloak, an identity and access management solution. The issue occurs when the system evaluates specific HTTP headers to determine if a one-time password (OTP) should be skipped, but fails to verify if those headers came from a trusted source. This could allow an attacker who already has a user's password to bypass the second-factor authentication by providing a specially crafted header in their request.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 18:18 UTC
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
redhat
CNA
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:95761 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-96445 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2539280 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.6.8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.6::el9
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7
|
Date Public
2026-09-22 15:35
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CVE-2026-96228 (GCVE-0-2026-96228)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 03:39 – Updated: 2026-10-29 10:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SSL Wireless SMS Notification <= 3.8.1 - Unauthenticated Authentication Bypass to Account Takeover
Summary
SSL Wireless SMS Notification for WordPress is vulnerable to Authentication Bypass in all versions up to, and including, 3.8.1. The public final_login_ajax_action handler resolves a user and issues an authenticated session by matching the wp_sslcare_otp table on only the attacker-supplied phone and cap_data, without verifying the SMS OTP or any server-side single-use state. Because cap_data was chosen by the attacker in the public otp_login_ajax_action step (which stores the row before sending the SMS), the finalize step trivially matches and the user is looked up solely by the sslcare_login_phone meta. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers who know a phone-linked user's number to take over that account.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-29 10:34 UTC
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
Wordfence
CNA
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| sslplugins | SSL Wireless SMS Notification |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 3.8.1
(semver)
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CVE-2026-95680 (GCVE-0-2026-95680)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 13:46 – Updated: 2026-10-14 03:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IBM WebSphere Application Server is affected by an authorization bypass
Summary
IBM WebSphere Application Server 8.5, and 9.0 could allow an authenticated attacker to bypass authorization leading to administrative impersonation across the cell.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
ibm
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7292213 | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBM | WebSphere Application Server |
Affected:
8.5
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CVE-2026-95676 (GCVE-0-2026-95676)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-23 12:52 – Updated: 2026-09-23 15:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
AuthPoint Gateway Improper Authentication in LDAP Sync Allows First-Factor Authentication Bypass
Summary
A missing/improper authentication vulnerability in the WatchGuard AuthPoint Gateway's LDAP Sync first-factor authentication allows a remote attacker to bypass single-factor password verification under non-default operating conditions. Additional authentication factors still apply.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-23 15:24 UTC
Assigner
WatchGuard
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://psirt.watchguard.com/CVE-2026-95676 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WatchGuard | AuthPoint Authentication Gateway |
Affected:
4.2.2 , < 7.5.1
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:watchguard:authpoint_authentication_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-95271 (GCVE-0-2026-95271)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 12:00 – Updated: 2026-09-22 15:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
dgtlmoon changedetection.io Authentication Hook flask_app.py check_authentication improper authentication
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in dgtlmoon changedetection.io up to 0.60.7. The impacted element is the function check_authentication of the file changedetectionio/flask_app.py of the component Authentication Hook. Such manipulation leads to improper authentication. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 15:33 UTC
CWE
- CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
VulDB
CNA
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/408339 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/408339/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-95271 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/896578 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/herantong/cve/blob/main/change… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| dgtlmoon | changedetection.io |
Affected:
0.60.0
Affected: 0.60.1 Affected: 0.60.2 Affected: 0.60.3 Affected: 0.60.4 Affected: 0.60.5 Affected: 0.60.6 Affected: 0.60.7 cpe:2.3:a:dgtlmoon:changedetection.io:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-94612 (GCVE-0-2026-94612)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-24 16:16 – Updated: 2026-09-24 17:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
authentik: Authentication bypass via assertion confusion in SAML sources
Summary
authentik is an open-source identity provider. Prior to 2026.2.7, 2026.5.7, and 2026.8.2, an authentik SAML Source verifies an assertion's signature and validity period but does not ensure that the identity provider issued the assertion for that Source or in response to a login request from that Source. The SAML Source also does not record already accepted assertions, allowing replay. An unauthenticated actor who possesses such a valid assertion can use an assertion intended for another service provider or reuse an earlier assertion to authenticate as the user named by the assertion. Only SAML Sources are affected; SAML Providers and other Source types are not affected. This issue is fixed in versions 2026.2.7, 2026.5.7, and 2026.8.2.
Severity
7.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-24 17:15 UTC
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
15 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| goauthentik | authentik |
Affected:
< 2026.2.7
Affected: >= 2026.5.0, < 2026.5.7 Affected: >= 2026.8.0, < 2026.8.2 |
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CVE-2026-94606 (GCVE-0-2026-94606)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-24 16:23 – Updated: 2026-10-05 15:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
authentik: MFA Bypass via State Confusion / Parameter Injection in AuthenticatorEmailStage
Summary
authentik is an open-source identity provider. Prior to 2026.2.7, 2026.5.7, and 2026.8.2, authentik email authenticator enrollment during an authentication or enrollment flow accepts a recipient address supplied in the setup request instead of using the address already established by the flow. An actor who knows a target user's password can substitute an attacker-controlled address, receive the one-time code, and finish enrolling the factor as the target. The target must not have enrolled the email factor already. Successful enrollment gives the actor a session as the target and access to single sign-on applications behind the account. Other authenticator types are not affected. This issue is fixed in versions 2026.2.7, 2026.5.7, and 2026.8.2.
Severity
8.9 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-05 14:53 UTC
Assigner
GitHub_M
CNA
References
15 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| goauthentik | authentik |
Affected:
< 2026.2.7
Affected: >= 2026.5.0, < 2026.5.7 Affected: >= 2026.8.0, < 2026.8.2 |
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"timestamp": "2026-10-05T14:53:08.106815Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-05T15:33:40.648Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "authentik",
"vendor": "goauthentik",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 2026.2.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 2026.5.0, \u003c 2026.5.7"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 2026.8.0, \u003c 2026.8.2"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "authentik is an open-source identity provider. Prior to 2026.2.7, 2026.5.7, and 2026.8.2, authentik email authenticator enrollment during an authentication or enrollment flow accepts a recipient address supplied in the setup request instead of using the address already established by the flow. An actor who knows a target user\u0027s password can substitute an attacker-controlled address, receive the one-time code, and finish enrolling the factor as the target. The target must not have enrolled the email factor already. Successful enrollment gives the actor a session as the target and access to single sign-on applications behind the account. Other authenticator types are not affected. This issue is fixed in versions 2026.2.7, 2026.5.7, and 2026.8.2."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 8.9,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-287",
"description": "CWE-287: Improper Authentication",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-807",
"description": "CWE-807: Reliance on Untrusted Inputs in a Security Decision",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-24T16:23:30.925Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/security/advisories/GHSA-qgqp-xh8r-v73r",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/security/advisories/GHSA-qgqp-xh8r-v73r"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/pull/25958",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/pull/25958"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/pull/25963",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/pull/25963"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/pull/25968",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/pull/25968"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/pull/25973",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/pull/25973"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/commit/01d4349f2aaa9beda532f92e2a251a17fefee9b3",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/commit/01d4349f2aaa9beda532f92e2a251a17fefee9b3"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/commit/1fcf9868133e5d05e266edbc1f6f3ee972baa3f9",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/commit/1fcf9868133e5d05e266edbc1f6f3ee972baa3f9"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/commit/c10ae83ebf8c61de2f1922edf1fab504d9f3b06f",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/commit/c10ae83ebf8c61de2f1922edf1fab504d9f3b06f"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/commit/ec41732339726fba477182c0906a8d930b145beb",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/commit/ec41732339726fba477182c0906a8d930b145beb"
},
{
"name": "https://docs.goauthentik.io/releases/2026.2#fixed-in-202627",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://docs.goauthentik.io/releases/2026.2#fixed-in-202627"
},
{
"name": "https://docs.goauthentik.io/releases/2026.5#fixed-in-202657",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://docs.goauthentik.io/releases/2026.5#fixed-in-202657"
},
{
"name": "https://docs.goauthentik.io/releases/2026.8#fixed-in-202682",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://docs.goauthentik.io/releases/2026.8#fixed-in-202682"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/releases/tag/version/2026.2.7",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/releases/tag/version/2026.2.7"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/releases/tag/version/2026.5.7",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/releases/tag/version/2026.5.7"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/releases/tag/version/2026.8.2",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/goauthentik/authentik/releases/tag/version/2026.8.2"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-qgqp-xh8r-v73r",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "authentik: MFA Bypass via State Confusion / Parameter Injection in AuthenticatorEmailStage"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-94606",
"datePublished": "2026-09-24T16:23:30.925Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-09-21T21:32:23.741Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-05T15:33:40.648Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.