Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-22

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.

5559 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-108585 (GCVE-0-2026-108585)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-10 16:14 – Updated: 2026-10-14 16:03

Title

argocd-mcp through 0.9.0 Path Traversal via delete_application Tool

Summary

argocd-mcp (Argo CD MCP Server) through 0.9.0 contains a path traversal vulnerability in the delete_application tool that allows MCP clients to reach unintended API endpoints via unvalidated applicationName values. Attackers or prompt-injected models can supply dot-segment values like ../repositories/ to send authenticated DELETE requests deleting repositories, clusters, or projects within the token's RBAC permissions.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

5.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-14 14:50 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

VulnCheck CNA

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://hackmd.io/@haind/argocd-mcp-delete-applic…	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/argoproj-labs/mcp-for-argocd/b…	technical-description
https://github.com/argoproj-labs/mcp-for-argocd/b…	technical-description
https://github.com/argoproj-labs/mcp-for-argocd	product
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/argocd-mcp-t…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
argoproj-labs	argocd-mcp	Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.9.0 (semver)

Date Public

2026-10-09 00:00

Credits

HaiND from the Post and Telecommunication Institute of Technology

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-108567 (GCVE-0-2026-108567)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-11 09:30 – Updated: 2026-10-15 15:18 X_Open Source

Title

InstantSoft icms2 Image image.php files_delete_file path traversal

Summary

A vulnerability was found in InstantSoft icms2 up to 2.18.2. Impacted is the function files_delete_file of the file system/fields/image.php of the component Image Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument size results in path traversal. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The patch is named 03d70937f1ff97031523222808726994b8b79379. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C

4.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-15 14:50 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Path Traversal

Assigner

VulDB CNA

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/416224	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/416224/cti	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-108567	third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/954260	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/instantsoft/icms2/commit/03d70…	patch
https://github.com/instantsoft/icms2/	product

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
InstantSoft	icms2	Affected: 2.18.0 Affected: 2.18.1 Affected: 2.18.2 cpe:2.3:a:instantsoft:icms2::::::::

Credits

EVIL0RD (VulDB User) VulDB Vulnerability Moderation Team

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-108544 (GCVE-0-2026-108544)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-11 08:00 – Updated: 2026-10-14 02:49

Title

Lippu Docx Reader Office Viewer App path traversal

Summary

A vulnerability was identified in Lippu Docx Reader Office Viewer App up to 1.4.5 on Android. This affects the function word.office.docxviewer.document.docx.reader.ViewTxt. Such manipulation of the argument _display_name leads to path traversal. The attack may be performed from remote.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X

6.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:X/RC:C

6.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:X/RL:X/RC:C

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-14 02:48 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Path Traversal

Assigner

VulDB CNA

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/416199	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/416199/cti	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-108544	third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/954042	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/Secsys-FDU/AF_CVEs/issues/31	issue-tracking

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Lippu	Docx Reader Office Viewer App	Affected: 1.4.0 Affected: 1.4.1 Affected: 1.4.2 Affected: 1.4.3 Affected: 1.4.4 Affected: 1.4.5 cpe:2.3:a:lippu:docx_reader_office_viewer_app::::::::

Credits

Secsys-FDU (VulDB User)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-108543 (GCVE-0-2026-108543)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-11 07:45 – Updated: 2026-10-13 19:58

Title

ag2ai ag2 UserProxyAgent os.path.join path traversal

Summary

A vulnerability was determined in ag2ai ag2 up to 0.13.4. Affected by this issue is the function os.path.join of the component UserProxyAgent. This manipulation of the argument filename causes path traversal. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Severity

5.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

6.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:C

6.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:X/RC:C

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-13 19:57 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Path Traversal

Assigner

VulDB CNA

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/416198	vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/416198/cti	signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-108543	third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/953877	third-party-advisory
https://github.com/Ruoyyy/My_vulnerable/blob/main…	exploit

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
ag2ai	ag2	Affected: 0.13.0 Affected: 0.13.1 Affected: 0.13.2 Affected: 0.13.3 Affected: 0.13.4 cpe:2.3:a:ag2ai:ag2::::::::

Credits

Ruoyyy (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-108452 (GCVE-0-2026-108452)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-15 20:57 – Updated: 2026-10-31 18:01

Title

Microsoft Office SharePoint Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Summary

Improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory ('path traversal') in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-16 00:00 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

microsoft CNA

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi…	vendor-advisorypatch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Microsoft	Microsoft SharePoint Server Subscription Edition	Affected: 16.0.0 , < 16.0.20326.20190 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:sharepoint_server:::::subscription:::*

Date Public

2026-10-15 14:00

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-108327 (GCVE-0-2026-108327)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 22:17 – Updated: 2026-11-06 19:27

Title

Tanium addressed a path traversal vulnerability in Tanium Data Service.

Summary

Tanium addressed a path traversal vulnerability in Tanium Data Service.

Severity

5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-11-06 19:27 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

Tanium CNA

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://security.tanium.com/TAN-2026-082

Impacted products

2 products

Vendor	Product	Version
Tanium	Tanium Data Service	Affected: 4.1 , < 4.1.281 (custom) Affected: 4.2 , < 4.2.360 (custom)
Tanium	Interact	Affected: 3.5.0 , < 3.5.141 (custom)

Date Public

2026-11-03 22:12

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-108262 (GCVE-0-2026-108262)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-06 18:29 – Updated: 2026-11-06 18:29

Title

DDEV incomplete tar symlink traversal fix allows host file overwrite - Incomplete fix of CVE-2026-32885

Summary

DDEV is an open-source tool for running local web development environments for PHP and Node.js. From 1.25.2 until 1.25.4, Untar in pkg/archive/archive.go validates an absolute tar symlink target after rebasing it beneath dest, but creates the symlink with the raw absolute Linkname. A crafted archive can therefore plant a host-absolute symlink and use a following regular-file entry to write outside the extraction directory. The flaw is reachable through remote add-on retrieval and database or file imports, and overwriting shell startup files, Git hooks, or cron entries can lead to code execution in the DDEV user's context. Unzip is not affected. This issue is fixed in version 1.25.4.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/ddev/ddev/security/advisories/…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
ddev	ddev	Affected: >= 1.25.2, < 1.25.4

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-108258 (GCVE-0-2026-108258)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 20:34 – Updated: 2026-10-13 18:33

Title

Shiny for Python - Path traversal in bookmark restore

Summary

Shiny for Python is a framework for building interactive web applications in Python. From 1.4.0 until 1.6.4, bookmark restore accepts a client-supplied state_id and joins it into the server-side shiny_bookmarks directory without validating that it is a single safe path segment. An unauthenticated request can use parent-directory segments or an absolute path to make the server open input.json and values.json outside the bookmark store, even when bookmark_store is set to disable. In applications configured with bookmark_store set to server and using ui.input_file(), the restore handler can additionally copy and expose an attacker-selected file from an attacker-selected directory. This issue is fixed in version 1.6.4.

Severity

6.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-13 18:33 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

GitHub_M CNA

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/posit-dev/py-shiny/security/ad…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/posit-dev/py-shiny/commit/1d8e…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/posit-dev/py-shiny/releases/ta…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
posit-dev	py-shiny	Affected: >= 1.4.0, < 1.6.4

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-108158 (GCVE-0-2026-108158)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 16:04 – Updated: 2026-10-14 16:04

Title

plugNmeet Server through 2.5.2 Path Traversal via /api/whiteboard/convert

Summary

plugNmeet Server through 2.5.2 contains a path traversal vulnerability in the whiteboard conversion endpoint that allows any meeting participant to read server files via crafted filePath values. Attackers can supply ../ sequences so text or office documents are converted into page images, then fetch them unauthenticated through /download/uploadedFile/.

Severity

7.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-10-14 15:52 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

VulnCheck CNA

References

4 references

URL	Tags
https://hackmd.io/@haind/cve-2026-108158-plugnmee…	technical-descriptionexploit
https://github.com/mynaparrot/plugNmeet-server/bl…	technical-description
https://github.com/mynaparrot/plugNmeet-server	product
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/plugnmeet-se…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
mynaparrot	plugNmeet-server	Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.5.2 (semver)

Date Public

2026-10-09 00:00

Credits

HaiND from the Post and Telecommunication Institute of Technology

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-108141 (GCVE-0-2026-108141)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-27 16:16 – Updated: 2026-11-04 17:55

Summary

A vulnerability allowing an authenticated user with the Restore Operator role, who also controls the contents of a backed-up NAS share, to write attacker-controlled files to an arbitrary path on the backup server through relative path traversal.

Severity

5.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-11-04 17:53 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Path Traversal

Assigner

hackerone CNA

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.veeam.com/kb4948

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Veeam	Backup and Replication	Affected: 13.0 , < 13.0.3 (semver) Affected: 13.1 , < 13.1.2 (semver)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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Mitigation MIT-5.1

Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.

Mitigation MIT-15

Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-20.1

Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
realpath() in C
getCanonicalPath() in Java
GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
realpath() in PHP

Mitigation MIT-4

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Mitigation MIT-29

Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation MIT-17

Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-21.1

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.

Mitigation MIT-22

Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.

Mitigation MIT-34

Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.

Mitigation MIT-39

Implementation

Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.

Mitigation MIT-16

Operation Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-126: Path Traversal

An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

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