Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-203
AllowedObservable Discrepancy
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product behaves differently or sends different responses under different circumstances in a way that is observable to an unauthorized actor.
204 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-23182 (GCVE-0-2025-23182)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-22 15:30 – Updated: 2025-05-22 15:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
UBtech – CWE-203: Observable Discrepancy
Summary
CWE-203: Observable Discrepancy
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-22 15:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
Assigner
INCD
CNA
References
1 reference
Date Public
2025-05-22 15:22
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CVE-2025-21336 (GCVE-0-2025-21336)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-14 18:04 – Updated: 2026-06-09 18:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows Cryptographic Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Windows Cryptographic Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-14 21:15 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
- CWE-noinfo Not enough information
Assigner
microsoft
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
25 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1507 |
Affected:
10.0.10240.0 , < 10.0.10240.20890
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7699
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6775
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.5371
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.5371
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.4751
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H3 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.4751
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.4751
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.2894
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27520
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27520
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23070
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23070
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25273
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25273
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22371
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22371
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7699
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.7699
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6775
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.6775
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.3091
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.1369
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.2894
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.2894
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-01-14 08:00
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"product": "Windows 11 version 22H2",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
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"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0.22621.0",
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"product": "Windows 11 version 22H3",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
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"status": "affected",
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],
"product": "Windows 11 Version 23H2",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
"versions": [
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"status": "affected",
"version": "10.0.22631.0",
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]
},
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"platforms": [
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],
"product": "Windows 11 Version 24H2",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
"versions": [
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"lessThan": "10.0.26100.2894",
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"version": "10.0.26100.0",
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]
},
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"platforms": [
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],
"product": "Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
"versions": [
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"lessThan": "6.1.7601.27520",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.1.7601.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"platforms": [
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],
"product": "Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
"versions": [
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"lessThan": "6.1.7601.27520",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.1.7601.0",
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]
},
{
"platforms": [
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"x64-based Systems"
],
"product": "Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "6.0.6003.23070",
"status": "affected",
"version": "6.0.6003.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"platforms": [
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"x64-based Systems"
],
"product": "Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation)",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
"versions": [
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},
{
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"product": "Windows Server 2012",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
"versions": [
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"lessThan": "6.2.9200.25273",
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"product": "Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)",
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},
{
"platforms": [
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],
"product": "Windows Server 2012 R2",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
"versions": [
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"product": "Windows Server 2016",
"vendor": "Microsoft",
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CVE-2025-13912 (GCVE-0-2025-13912)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-11 17:09 – Updated: 2025-12-11 19:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Potential non-constant time compiled code with Clang LLVM
Summary
Multiple constant-time implementations in wolfSSL before version 5.8.4 may be transformed into non-constant-time binary by LLVM optimizations, which can potentially result in observable timing discrepancies and lead to information disclosure through timing side-channel attacks.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-11 19:19 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
Assigner
wolfSSL
CNA
References
1 reference
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CVE-2025-13736 (GCVE-0-2025-13736)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 07:33 – Updated: 2026-08-06 12:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Username Enumeration via Login Interface in Multiple WSO2 Products Allows User Account Discovery
Summary
When Multi-Attribute Login is enabled, the login interface fails to consistently mask the existence of user accounts. For valid users, the server resolves and displays their canonical username, while for non-existent users, it echoes the original input. This occurs regardless of the validate_username configuration.
The discovery of valid usernames can increase the risk of brute force attacks, social engineering attacks, and targeted information leakage. Attackers can leverage this information to craft more effective phishing campaigns or social engineering tactics to compromise user accounts or extract sensitive data.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-06 12:35 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Information Disclosure Through Error Messages
Assigner
WSO2
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager |
Unknown:
0 , < 5.10.0
(custom)
Affected: 5.10.0 , < 5.10.0.371 (custom) |
|
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server |
Unknown:
0 , < 5.10.0
(custom)
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|
| WSO2 | WSO2 Open Banking AM |
Unknown:
0 , < 2.0.0
(custom)
Affected: 2.0.0 , < 2.0.0.400 (custom) |
|
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager |
Unknown:
0 , < 3.1.0
(custom)
Affected: 3.1.0 , < 3.1.0.351 (custom) Affected: 3.2.0 , < 3.2.0.455 (custom) Affected: 4.0.0 , < 4.0.0.375 (custom) |
|
| WSO2 | WSO2 Open Banking IAM |
Unknown:
0 , < 2.0.0
(custom)
Affected: 2.0.0 , < 2.0.0.420 (custom) |
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CVE-2025-13591 (GCVE-0-2025-13591)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 16:45 – Updated: 2026-10-20 19:32
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Username Enumeration via Authentication Endpoint in WSO2 Identity Server Allows User Account Discovery
Summary
The authentication endpoint of WSO2 Identity Server fails to provide a consistent system response when a username does not exist in the system, allowing attackers to differentiate between valid and invalid usernames. This difference in responses can be leveraged to enumerate existing user accounts.
Successful exploitation enables an attacker to discover valid usernames within the system, significantly increasing the risk of subsequent attacks such as brute force attacks on user credentials, social engineering attacks, and information leakage. The discovered usernames can be used to craft targeted phishing emails or other social engineering campaigns.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 19:31 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Information Exposure Through Discrepancy
Assigner
WSO2
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server |
Unknown:
0 , < 7.0.0
(custom)
Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.0.0.134 (custom) Affected: 7.1.0 , < 7.1.0.42 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_identity_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| WSO2 | WSO2 Carbon Abstract OTP Authenticator |
Affected:
1.0.5 , < 1.0.5.3
(custom)
Affected: 1.0.10 , < 1.0.10.2 (custom) cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_carbon_abstract_otp_authenticator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:wso2:wso2_carbon_abstract_otp_authenticator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| WSO2 | Email OTP Authenticator |
Affected:
1.0.18 , < 1.0.18.8
(custom)
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CVE-2025-13166 (GCVE-0-2025-13166)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-15 09:53 – Updated: 2026-09-15 22:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Username Enumeration via SMS OTP Flow in WSO2 Identity Server Allows User Account Discovery
Summary
The SMS OTP flow fails to adequately handle error messages, allowing an attacker to infer the existence of registered user accounts based on the responses received during the OTP initiation process.
This weakness can be exploited by an attacker to discover valid usernames within the system. The impact is amplified for accounts that have not configured a mobile number, as the enumeration is specifically tied to this condition. The discovery of these usernames can facilitate subsequent brute force attacks, social engineering attempts, and information leakage, potentially leading to reputational damage, loss of customer trust, and regulatory non-compliance.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-15 12:43 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Information Exposure Through Predictable Error Conditions
Assigner
WSO2
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server |
Affected:
7.1.0 , < 7.1.0.40
(custom)
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CVE-2025-12888 (GCVE-0-2025-12888)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-21 22:50 – Updated: 2025-12-08 15:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Constant Time Issue with Xtensa-based ESP32 and X22519
Summary
Vulnerability in X25519 constant-time cryptographic implementations due to timing side channels introduced by compiler optimizations and CPU architecture limitations, specifically with the Xtensa-based ESP32 chips. If targeting Xtensa it is recommended to use the low memory implementations of X25519, which is now turned on as the default for Xtensa.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-24 15:43 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
Assigner
wolfSSL
CNA
References
1 reference
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CVE-2025-11932 (GCVE-0-2025-11932)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-21 23:01 – Updated: 2025-12-08 15:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Timing Side-Channel in PSK Binder Verification
Summary
The server previously verified the TLS 1.3 PSK binder using a non-constant time method which could potentially leak information about the PSK binder
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-24 16:17 UTC
CWE
- CWE-203 - Observable Discrepancy
Assigner
wolfSSL
CNA
References
1 reference
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CVE-2025-11443 (GCVE-0-2025-11443)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-08 07:32 – Updated: 2025-10-08 13:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JhumanJ OpnForm Forgotten Password email information exposure
Summary
A weakness has been identified in JhumanJ OpnForm up to 1.9.3. This affects an unknown function of the file /api/password/email of the component Forgotten Password Handler. This manipulation causes information exposure through discrepancy. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The attack is considered to have high complexity. The exploitability is reported as difficult. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be exploited. This issue is currently aligned with Laravel issue #46465, which is why no mitigation action was taken.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-08 13:16 UTC
Assigner
VulDB
CNA
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.327380 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.327380 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.666890 | third-party-advisory |
| https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GUjJA9vUbsXUn… | exploit |
Impacted products
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CVE-2025-11145 (GCVE-0-2025-11145)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-24 14:25 – Updated: 2026-06-04 19:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
User Enumeration in CBK Soft's enVision
Summary
Observable Discrepancy, Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor, Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in CBK Soft Software Hardware Electronic Computer Systems Industry and Trade Inc. EnVision allows Account Footprinting.
This issue affects enVision: before 250566.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-28 14:04 UTC
CWE
Assigner
TR-CERT
CNA
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-25-0361 | government-resourcebroken-link |
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CBK Soft Software Hardware Electronic Computer Systems Industry and Trade Inc. | enVision |
Affected:
0 , < 250566
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-10-24 14:21
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Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
Mitigation MIT-39
Implementation
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
CAPEC-189: Black Box Reverse Engineering
An adversary discovers the structure, function, and composition of a type of computer software through black box analysis techniques. 'Black Box' methods involve interacting with the software indirectly, in the absence of direct access to the executable object. Such analysis typically involves interacting with the software at the boundaries of where the software interfaces with a larger execution environment, such as input-output vectors, libraries, or APIs. Black Box Reverse Engineering also refers to gathering physical side effects of a hardware device, such as electromagnetic radiation or sounds.