Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-121
AllowedStack-based Buffer Overflow
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).
3366 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-54916 (GCVE-0-2025-54916)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-09 17:01 – Updated: 2026-02-20 16:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows NTFS Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Stack-based buffer overflow in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-09 17:44 UTC
CWE
- CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
microsoft
CNA
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
25 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1507 |
Affected:
10.0.10240.0 , < 10.0.10240.21128
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8422
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.7792
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.6332
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.6332
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22621.0 , < 10.0.22621.5909
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H3 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.5909
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.5909
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.6584
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27929
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.1.7601.0 , < 6.1.7601.27929
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23529
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.0.6003.0 , < 6.0.6003.23529
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25675
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.25675
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22774
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.22774
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8422
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.8422
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.7792
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.7792
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.4171
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.1849
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.6584
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.6584
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-09-09 07:00
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CVE-2025-54820 (GCVE-0-2025-54820)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-10 16:44 – Updated: 2026-03-12 14:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability [CWE-121] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiManager 7.4.0 through 7.4.2, FortiManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.10, FortiManager 6.4 all versions may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute unauthorized commands via crafted requests, if the service is enabled. The success of the attack depends on the ability to bypass the stack protection mechanisms.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-12 14:46 UTC
CWE
- CWE-121 - Execute unauthorized code or commands
Assigner
fortinet
CNA
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fortinet | FortiManager |
Affected:
7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.2
(semver)
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CVE-2025-54617 (GCVE-0-2025-54617)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-06 01:28 – Updated: 2025-08-06 13:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the dms_fwk module.
Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability can cause RCE.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-06 13:47 UTC
CWE
- CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
huawei
CNA
References
1 reference
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CVE-2025-54526 (GCVE-0-2025-54526)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-04 21:37 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Fuji Electric Monitouch V-SFT-6 Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Summary
Fuji Electric Monitouch V-SFT-6 is vulnerable to a stack-based buffer
overflow while processing a specially crafted project file, which may
allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-04 21:45 UTC
CWE
Assigner
icscert
CNA
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fuji Electric | Monitouch V-SFT-6 |
Affected:
6.2.7.0
Unaffected: 6.2.8.0 Unaffected: 6.2.9.0 or newer. |
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CVE-2025-54494 (GCVE-0-2025-54494)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-25 13:53 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 9205 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 133:
else if (tag==133) //0x85
{
curPos += ifread(buf,1,len,hdr);
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-25 18:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
talos
CNA
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Biosig Project | libbiosig |
Affected:
3.9.0
Affected: Master Branch (35a819fa) |
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CVE-2025-54493 (GCVE-0-2025-54493)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-25 13:53 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 9184 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 131:
else if (tag==131) //0x83
{
// Patient Age
if (len!=7) fprintf(stderr,"Warning MFER tag131 incorrect length %i!=7\n",len);
curPos += ifread(buf,1,len,hdr);
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-25 18:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
talos
CNA
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Biosig Project | libbiosig |
Affected:
3.9.0
Affected: Master Branch (35a819fa) |
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CVE-2025-54492 (GCVE-0-2025-54492)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-25 13:53 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 9141 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 67:
else if (tag==67) //0x43: Sample skew
{
int skew=0; // [1]
curPos += ifread(&skew, 1, len,hdr);
In this case, the address of the newly-defined integer `skew` \[1\] is overflowed instead of `buf`. This means a stack overflow can occur using much smaller values of `len` in this code path.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-25 18:22 UTC
CWE
- CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
talos
CNA
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Biosig Project | libbiosig |
Affected:
3.9.0
Affected: Master Branch (35a819fa) |
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CVE-2025-54491 (GCVE-0-2025-54491)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-25 13:53 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 9191 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 65:
else if (tag==65) //0x41: patient event
{
// event table
curPos += ifread(buf,1,len,hdr);
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-25 18:23 UTC
CWE
- CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
talos
CNA
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Biosig Project | libbiosig |
Affected:
3.9.0
Affected: Master Branch (35a819fa) |
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CVE-2025-54490 (GCVE-0-2025-54490)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-25 13:53 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 9090 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 64:
else if (tag==64) //0x40
{
// preamble
char tmp[256]; // [1]
curPos += ifread(tmp,1,len,hdr);
In this case, the overflowed buffer is the newly-declared `tmp` \[1\] instead of `buf`. While `tmp` is larger than `buf`, having a size of 256 bytes, a stack overflow can still occur in cases where `len` is encoded using multiple octets and is greater than 256.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-25 18:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
talos
CNA
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Biosig Project | libbiosig |
Affected:
3.9.0
Affected: Master Branch (35a819fa) |
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CVE-2025-54489 (GCVE-0-2025-54489)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-25 13:53 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8970 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 63:
else if (tag==63) {
uint8_t tag2=255, len2=255;
count = 0;
while ((count<len) && !(FlagInfiniteLength && len2==0 && tag2==0)){
curPos += ifread(&tag2,1,1,hdr);
curPos += ifread(&len2,1,1,hdr);
if (VERBOSE_LEVEL==9)
fprintf(stdout,"MFER: tag=%3i chan=%2i len=%-4i tag2=%3i len2=%3i curPos=%i %li count=%4i\n",tag,chan,len,tag2,len2,curPos,iftell(hdr),(int)count);
if (FlagInfiniteLength && len2==0 && tag2==0) break;
count += (2+len2);
curPos += ifread(&buf,1,len2,hdr);
Here, the number of bytes read is not the Data Length decoded from the current frame in the file (`len`) but rather is a new length contained in a single octet read from the same input file (`len2`). Despite this, a stack-based buffer overflow condition can still occur, as the destination buffer is still `buf`, which has a size of only 128 bytes, while `len2` can be as large as 255.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-25 19:03 UTC
CWE
- CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
talos
CNA
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Biosig Project | libbiosig |
Affected:
3.9.0
Affected: Master Branch (35a819fa) |
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"value": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8970 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 63:\r\n\r\n else if (tag==63) {\r\n uint8_t tag2=255, len2=255;\r\n\r\n count = 0;\r\n while ((count\u003clen) \u0026\u0026 !(FlagInfiniteLength \u0026\u0026 len2==0 \u0026\u0026 tag2==0)){\r\n curPos += ifread(\u0026tag2,1,1,hdr);\r\n curPos += ifread(\u0026len2,1,1,hdr);\r\n if (VERBOSE_LEVEL==9)\r\n fprintf(stdout,\"MFER: tag=%3i chan=%2i len=%-4i tag2=%3i len2=%3i curPos=%i %li count=%4i\\n\",tag,chan,len,tag2,len2,curPos,iftell(hdr),(int)count);\r\n\r\n if (FlagInfiniteLength \u0026\u0026 len2==0 \u0026\u0026 tag2==0) break;\r\n\r\n count += (2+len2);\r\n curPos += ifread(\u0026buf,1,len2,hdr);\r\n\r\nHere, the number of bytes read is not the Data Length decoded from the current frame in the file (`len`) but rather is a new length contained in a single octet read from the same input file (`len2`). Despite this, a stack-based buffer overflow condition can still occur, as the destination buffer is still `buf`, which has a size of only 128 bytes, while `len2` can be as large as 255."
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"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
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"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation
Implementation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation
Implementation
Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.